1 00:00:08,503 --> 00:00:10,903 She wasn't born to be queen... 2 00:00:14,102 --> 00:00:17,919 ..but she died as one of the most quietly influential monarchs 3 00:00:17,943 --> 00:00:19,943 this country has ever known. 4 00:00:22,103 --> 00:00:25,318 She reigned for almost three quarters of a century 5 00:00:25,343 --> 00:00:27,919 as the world changed around her. 6 00:00:27,943 --> 00:00:31,862 She was a symbol of unity in good times and bad. 7 00:00:34,542 --> 00:00:37,959 Successful because she knew her unique place 8 00:00:37,982 --> 00:00:40,279 and she understood it. 9 00:00:40,302 --> 00:00:45,598 The act of being there, of being... 10 00:00:45,622 --> 00:00:47,838 ..you know, a... 11 00:00:47,862 --> 00:00:49,182 ..a continuing... 12 00:00:51,383 --> 00:00:56,279 ..reference point of stability and endless duties 13 00:00:56,302 --> 00:00:59,959 is something that I think is... 14 00:00:59,982 --> 00:01:01,703 ..is of the greatest importance. 15 00:01:03,862 --> 00:01:06,399 It was really about service 16 00:01:06,423 --> 00:01:10,879 and her definition of service, and that was a lifetime. 17 00:01:10,903 --> 00:01:14,679 Literally 24/7, 18 00:01:14,703 --> 00:01:17,359 365 days of the year. 19 00:01:17,382 --> 00:01:19,879 It was never something you could turn off and turn on. 20 00:01:19,902 --> 00:01:22,359 It was there all the time. 21 00:01:22,382 --> 00:01:28,558 It is so strange to almost everyone in this country 22 00:01:28,582 --> 00:01:31,319 that she is no longer queen. 23 00:01:31,343 --> 00:01:35,158 It will take a long while to come to terms with that. 24 00:01:35,182 --> 00:01:37,639 I declare before you all, 25 00:01:37,662 --> 00:01:39,239 that my whole life, 26 00:01:39,263 --> 00:01:41,679 whether it be long or short, 27 00:01:41,703 --> 00:01:44,639 shall be devoted to your service 28 00:01:44,662 --> 00:01:48,198 and to the service of our great imperial family 29 00:01:48,222 --> 00:01:49,862 to which we all belong. 30 00:01:51,622 --> 00:01:57,639 As Queen Elizabeth II, she reigned over more than 135 million people 31 00:01:57,662 --> 00:02:01,983 and, as head of the Commonwealth, a third of the planet's population. 32 00:02:03,662 --> 00:02:08,998 Her Majesty was perhaps one of the youngest leaders in the world 33 00:02:09,022 --> 00:02:12,079 at a time of male domination, 34 00:02:12,103 --> 00:02:15,943 and yet she led, like Elizabeth I... 35 00:02:17,062 --> 00:02:19,143 ..and she was a fabulous queen. 36 00:02:20,423 --> 00:02:23,478 The one thing that people wanted 37 00:02:23,502 --> 00:02:27,718 was just to get as close as they possibly could 38 00:02:27,742 --> 00:02:31,038 to the lustre of her presence 39 00:02:31,062 --> 00:02:33,622 and somehow to share in it a bit. 40 00:02:34,742 --> 00:02:40,438 I believe this nation would not be as united as it is 41 00:02:40,462 --> 00:02:43,783 had it not been for her and her example. 42 00:02:46,302 --> 00:02:50,079 Today, we need a special kind of courage. 43 00:02:50,103 --> 00:02:52,959 Not the kind needed in battle, 44 00:02:52,983 --> 00:02:55,799 but a kind which makes us stand up 45 00:02:55,823 --> 00:02:58,998 for everything that we know is right, 46 00:02:59,022 --> 00:03:01,383 everything that is true and honest. 47 00:03:02,823 --> 00:03:06,399 The kind of courage that can withstand 48 00:03:06,423 --> 00:03:08,742 the subtle corruption of the cynics... 49 00:03:10,902 --> 00:03:14,703 ..so that we can show the world that we're not afraid of the future. 50 00:03:34,462 --> 00:03:37,079 She was crowned Queen Elizabeth II 51 00:03:37,103 --> 00:03:40,118 on June the 2nd 1953, 52 00:03:40,143 --> 00:03:42,878 after the early death of her father, 53 00:03:42,902 --> 00:03:46,838 when suddenly the pomp, ritual and tradition of centuries 54 00:03:46,862 --> 00:03:48,703 reached out to claim her. 55 00:03:54,103 --> 00:03:56,319 Head of the United Kingdom and Commonwealth 56 00:03:56,343 --> 00:03:58,383 since the young age of 25... 57 00:04:00,823 --> 00:04:03,823 ..she was the most famous woman in the world. 58 00:04:05,902 --> 00:04:09,799 But above mere celebrity, outside politics, 59 00:04:09,823 --> 00:04:13,103 a constant background figure in every British life. 60 00:04:14,823 --> 00:04:17,079 When she was born, in April 1926, 61 00:04:17,103 --> 00:04:18,582 nobody expected that. 62 00:04:20,862 --> 00:04:24,382 She was royal, but not regarded as a future queen. 63 00:04:27,262 --> 00:04:31,423 Here she is, Princess Elizabeth, merely third in line to the throne. 64 00:04:33,223 --> 00:04:37,678 Those who knew her spoke of a child whose focus rarely wavered, 65 00:04:37,702 --> 00:04:40,838 and, by the age of five, at a photographic session, 66 00:04:40,862 --> 00:04:43,983 already the object of obsessive public gaze. 67 00:04:48,742 --> 00:04:52,319 She never went to school or had ordinary friends, 68 00:04:52,343 --> 00:04:54,399 relying instead on the companionship 69 00:04:54,423 --> 00:04:57,062 of her younger sister, Princess Margaret. 70 00:04:59,463 --> 00:05:02,079 She was brought up with the greatest care and affection, 71 00:05:02,103 --> 00:05:04,639 but also, as Queen Mary is reported to have said, 72 00:05:04,663 --> 00:05:07,238 she was brought up sensibly. 73 00:05:07,262 --> 00:05:10,959 She joined the Girl Guides and the Sea Rangers - 74 00:05:10,983 --> 00:05:12,798 a serious minded girl, 75 00:05:12,822 --> 00:05:15,439 a king's daughter from the age of ten, 76 00:05:15,463 --> 00:05:19,439 striding into a strongly military and hierarchical world. 77 00:05:19,463 --> 00:05:21,143 Ready for inspection. 78 00:05:25,143 --> 00:05:27,759 This was her first public engagement. 79 00:05:27,783 --> 00:05:29,838 Ceremony at Windsor Castle. 80 00:05:29,862 --> 00:05:32,439 Princess Elizabeth celebrated her 16th birthday 81 00:05:32,463 --> 00:05:34,798 by inspecting the Grenadier Guards 82 00:05:34,822 --> 00:05:37,478 in her capacity as Colonel of the Regiment. 83 00:05:37,502 --> 00:05:39,718 After the ceremony, there were presentations 84 00:05:39,742 --> 00:05:41,663 and informal conversations. 85 00:05:43,502 --> 00:05:46,182 And this final record of the occasion. 86 00:05:49,663 --> 00:05:53,639 And in 1944, at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Hackney, 87 00:05:53,663 --> 00:05:56,918 her first public speech before the cameras. 88 00:05:56,942 --> 00:05:59,358 I need not say how proud I am 89 00:05:59,382 --> 00:06:03,598 to be associated with the hospital in this way. 90 00:06:03,622 --> 00:06:07,302 I feel that I have long had very close ties with it. 91 00:06:08,702 --> 00:06:11,759 But no speech embodied her character and belief 92 00:06:11,783 --> 00:06:16,238 more than the one she gave in South Africa on her 21st birthday, 93 00:06:16,262 --> 00:06:20,702 when she pledged herself as a kind of sacrifice to the British state. 94 00:06:21,903 --> 00:06:24,278 I declare before you all 95 00:06:24,302 --> 00:06:28,319 that my whole life, whether it be long or short, 96 00:06:28,343 --> 00:06:30,598 shall be devoted to your service 97 00:06:30,622 --> 00:06:34,639 and to the service of our great imperial family 98 00:06:34,663 --> 00:06:36,478 to which we all belong. 99 00:06:36,502 --> 00:06:39,678 God help me to make good my vow, 100 00:06:39,702 --> 00:06:43,103 and God bless all of you who are willing to share in it. 101 00:06:46,423 --> 00:06:51,879 She says, "I pledge myself to serve you," 102 00:06:51,903 --> 00:06:53,439 and, by the way, 103 00:06:53,463 --> 00:06:58,038 the "you" here is not just people in London or even in England - 104 00:06:58,062 --> 00:07:00,158 it is the whole... 105 00:07:00,182 --> 00:07:04,223 ..then empire, becoming the Commonwealth. 106 00:07:05,502 --> 00:07:08,119 We learnt from it that the Queen's sense of duty 107 00:07:08,143 --> 00:07:09,838 came above everything else - 108 00:07:09,862 --> 00:07:13,038 above marriage, above parenthood. 109 00:07:13,062 --> 00:07:15,759 She is pledging herself to serve. 110 00:07:15,783 --> 00:07:18,798 But where did this sense of duty come from? 111 00:07:18,822 --> 00:07:20,838 Her early life was crucial. 112 00:07:20,862 --> 00:07:24,718 She'd watched her grandfather, the King-Emperor George V, 113 00:07:24,742 --> 00:07:27,918 at his Silver Jubilee in 1935 114 00:07:27,942 --> 00:07:31,199 and then, in dramatic, even scandalous circumstances, 115 00:07:31,223 --> 00:07:35,959 her father was called upon to step into his brother's shoes. 116 00:07:35,983 --> 00:07:38,838 This is Windsor Castle. 117 00:07:38,862 --> 00:07:44,319 And now that I have been succeeded by my brother, 118 00:07:44,343 --> 00:07:49,502 my first words must be to declare my allegiance to him. 119 00:07:50,783 --> 00:07:55,399 But you must believe me when I tell you 120 00:07:55,423 --> 00:07:57,959 that I have found it impossible 121 00:07:57,983 --> 00:08:01,798 to carry the heavy burden of responsibility 122 00:08:01,822 --> 00:08:06,822 without the help and support of the woman I love. 123 00:08:09,023 --> 00:08:11,439 It was as if a deep line had been scored across 124 00:08:11,463 --> 00:08:14,399 the history of these islands, 125 00:08:14,423 --> 00:08:16,079 and also the history of the monarchy. 126 00:08:16,103 --> 00:08:21,838 Edward VIII's reign lasted just 325 days. 127 00:08:21,862 --> 00:08:24,319 He was the first British monarch to abdicate. 128 00:08:24,343 --> 00:08:27,038 He did so in order to marry the twice-divorced American 129 00:08:27,062 --> 00:08:28,838 Wallis Simpson. 130 00:08:28,862 --> 00:08:31,718 With no children, the crown went to his younger brother, 131 00:08:31,742 --> 00:08:34,239 the Duke of York, a quiet family man 132 00:08:34,263 --> 00:08:37,479 whose happy marriage to Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon 133 00:08:37,503 --> 00:08:40,278 had borne the two girls, Elizabeth and Margaret. 134 00:08:40,302 --> 00:08:45,078 The abdication in December 1936 caused a political crisis. 135 00:08:45,102 --> 00:08:47,719 It divided the nation 136 00:08:47,743 --> 00:08:51,582 and there was talk about whether the monarchy itself would survive. 137 00:08:54,822 --> 00:08:56,798 But, I mean, it's a tremendous shock 138 00:08:56,822 --> 00:08:59,879 to a rather staid and very settled society 139 00:08:59,903 --> 00:09:02,078 and the institution that is at the apex 140 00:09:02,102 --> 00:09:05,038 of the political and administrative systems. 141 00:09:05,062 --> 00:09:09,359 So it's quite hard now, in a secular age, more secular age, 142 00:09:09,383 --> 00:09:12,798 and a more understanding age about divorce and personal preferences 143 00:09:12,822 --> 00:09:14,278 and all the rest of it, 144 00:09:14,302 --> 00:09:18,462 to appreciate just what a lightning flash December 1936 was. 145 00:09:21,383 --> 00:09:23,678 When King George VI came to the throne, 146 00:09:23,702 --> 00:09:27,719 the princesses were moved to Buckingham Palace. 147 00:09:27,743 --> 00:09:30,958 When she was told, a horrified Elizabeth replied, 148 00:09:30,982 --> 00:09:33,143 "What? Do you mean forever?" 149 00:09:35,582 --> 00:09:40,519 "Does this mean you'll be queen?" asked her sister, Princess Margaret. 150 00:09:40,543 --> 00:09:42,102 "I suppose it does." 151 00:09:45,822 --> 00:09:49,038 She was born into this really happy family. 152 00:09:49,062 --> 00:09:52,078 They had dogs, they had a lovely family life 153 00:09:52,102 --> 00:09:56,838 and they were a very secure little unit and a very loving little unit, 154 00:09:56,863 --> 00:10:01,503 and then, suddenly, the security of her life went out the window. 155 00:10:02,982 --> 00:10:05,999 Leaving their comfortable private home in Piccadilly, 156 00:10:06,023 --> 00:10:09,198 the task was thrust towards them 157 00:10:09,222 --> 00:10:12,399 and the whole family had to learn to embrace it. 158 00:10:12,423 --> 00:10:14,678 She took it very seriously. 159 00:10:14,702 --> 00:10:18,198 I think the example that she had from her father, 160 00:10:18,222 --> 00:10:19,479 as well as her mother, 161 00:10:19,503 --> 00:10:24,678 was absolutely crucial to her understanding 162 00:10:24,702 --> 00:10:26,743 of what being a monarch actually meant. 163 00:10:29,182 --> 00:10:33,438 She grew up watching her father as he overcame his shyness 164 00:10:33,462 --> 00:10:36,182 to become the face of the Empire at war. 165 00:10:38,623 --> 00:10:40,959 He'd arrange for practical things, 166 00:10:40,982 --> 00:10:43,558 Foreign Office papers she would be shown and so on, 167 00:10:43,582 --> 00:10:47,719 so she picked up from him essential ingredients of kingship, 168 00:10:47,743 --> 00:10:49,119 in the round, the whole lot, 169 00:10:49,143 --> 00:10:52,078 but also she was aware of the affairs of state. 170 00:10:52,102 --> 00:10:53,822 AIR RAID SIREN WAILS 171 00:10:55,302 --> 00:10:57,078 In 1939, when war broke out, 172 00:10:57,102 --> 00:11:00,918 it was suggested that the princesses Elizabeth and Margaret 173 00:11:00,942 --> 00:11:03,543 should be evacuated hurriedly to Canada. 174 00:11:05,663 --> 00:11:11,198 Queen Elizabeth, their mother, said, "I should die if I had to leave." 175 00:11:11,222 --> 00:11:12,839 "The children won't go without me." 176 00:11:12,863 --> 00:11:16,503 "I won't leave the King and the King will never leave." 177 00:11:18,503 --> 00:11:23,599 In daylight raids, between 350 and 400 enemy aircraft 178 00:11:23,623 --> 00:11:27,543 were launched in two attacks against London and southeast England. 179 00:11:28,663 --> 00:11:31,119 While her parents spent their days working in London, 180 00:11:31,143 --> 00:11:33,158 returning to Windsor Castle at night, 181 00:11:33,182 --> 00:11:35,879 Elizabeth watched as her mother courted the press, 182 00:11:35,903 --> 00:11:37,798 boosting the nation's morale, 183 00:11:37,822 --> 00:11:40,119 and joined in along with her sister 184 00:11:40,143 --> 00:11:44,182 in their first radio broadcast in October 1940. 185 00:11:46,222 --> 00:11:48,759 Thousands of you in this country 186 00:11:48,783 --> 00:11:51,318 have had to leave your homes 187 00:11:51,342 --> 00:11:54,663 and be separated from your fathers and mothers. 188 00:11:56,143 --> 00:12:01,479 My sister, Margaret Rose, and I feel so much for you, 189 00:12:01,503 --> 00:12:05,958 as we know from experience what it means to be away 190 00:12:05,982 --> 00:12:08,182 from those we love most of all. 191 00:12:09,383 --> 00:12:12,359 There was this sense that she wanted to say that she understood 192 00:12:12,383 --> 00:12:15,239 how difficult it had been for others her age. 193 00:12:15,263 --> 00:12:18,078 It's almost the first time that we saw her reaching out 194 00:12:18,102 --> 00:12:20,318 to her future subjects. 195 00:12:20,342 --> 00:12:22,198 Four years later, 196 00:12:22,222 --> 00:12:25,639 18-year-old Princess Elizabeth joined the war effort 197 00:12:25,663 --> 00:12:29,102 as a member of the Auxiliary Territorial Service. 198 00:12:30,543 --> 00:12:35,318 I think joining any branch of the Armed Forces in a total war 199 00:12:35,342 --> 00:12:38,399 would leave a very great imprint upon you. 200 00:12:38,423 --> 00:12:43,678 The comradeship, the need for shared fortitude, 201 00:12:43,702 --> 00:12:46,198 and also doing one's bit. 202 00:12:46,222 --> 00:12:49,639 It's very, very important when you have a family on the throne 203 00:12:49,663 --> 00:12:51,639 that the family does its bit 204 00:12:51,663 --> 00:12:54,678 with the rest of the country at times of duress. 205 00:12:54,702 --> 00:12:57,959 I think that Her Majesty herself 206 00:12:57,982 --> 00:13:02,038 was affected by the experience 207 00:13:02,062 --> 00:13:04,239 of that Second World War, 208 00:13:04,263 --> 00:13:08,759 and I think she never forgot watching the whole Commonwealth 209 00:13:08,783 --> 00:13:11,719 come to the aid of the United Kingdom 210 00:13:11,743 --> 00:13:13,958 in its darkest hour. 211 00:13:13,982 --> 00:13:15,479 BIG BEN CHIMES 212 00:13:15,503 --> 00:13:18,599 It was on VE Day that the King had broadcast his message 213 00:13:18,623 --> 00:13:20,918 to the people of Britain, the British Empire 214 00:13:20,942 --> 00:13:23,359 and the Commonwealth of Nations. 215 00:13:23,383 --> 00:13:25,798 The Queen and I know 216 00:13:25,822 --> 00:13:27,222 the ordeals... 217 00:13:29,143 --> 00:13:30,582 ..which you have endured... 218 00:13:32,383 --> 00:13:36,119 ..throughout the Commonwealth and Empire. 219 00:13:36,143 --> 00:13:42,959 People came from the six corners of the then British Empire 220 00:13:42,982 --> 00:13:48,479 to volunteer to help the United Kingdom remain safe 221 00:13:48,503 --> 00:13:52,078 because they were seen as the emblem of freedom. 222 00:13:52,102 --> 00:13:53,719 Almost right up to the end, 223 00:13:53,743 --> 00:13:56,719 London and southern England had been under fire. 224 00:13:56,743 --> 00:13:59,999 London certainly had as much right as anywhere to celebrate victory, 225 00:14:00,023 --> 00:14:02,558 and London certainly did. 226 00:14:02,582 --> 00:14:06,719 On the 8th of May 1945, as victory in Europe was announced, 227 00:14:06,743 --> 00:14:08,958 the crowds shouted for the King. 228 00:14:08,982 --> 00:14:13,798 The princesses could not resist the lure of the swarming streets. 229 00:14:13,822 --> 00:14:19,038 I think we went on the balcony nearly every hour, six times, 230 00:14:19,062 --> 00:14:23,119 and then when the excitement of the floodlights being switched on 231 00:14:23,143 --> 00:14:25,359 got through to us, 232 00:14:25,383 --> 00:14:29,399 my sister and I realised we couldn't see what the crowds were enjoying, 233 00:14:29,423 --> 00:14:33,942 so we asked my parents if we could go out and see for ourselves. 234 00:14:35,903 --> 00:14:38,318 I remember lines of unknown people 235 00:14:38,342 --> 00:14:41,078 linking arms and walking down Whitehall, 236 00:14:41,102 --> 00:14:45,543 all of us just swept along on a tide of happiness and relief. 237 00:14:47,503 --> 00:14:50,078 After crossing Green Park, 238 00:14:50,102 --> 00:14:52,078 we stood outside and shouted, 239 00:14:52,102 --> 00:14:54,158 "We want the King." 240 00:14:54,182 --> 00:14:57,822 I think it was one of the most memorable nights of my life. 241 00:15:01,263 --> 00:15:05,399 These new beginnings saw the princess emerge from the war 242 00:15:05,423 --> 00:15:08,759 as a woman in love, having set her heart 243 00:15:08,783 --> 00:15:11,798 on the naval officer Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten, 244 00:15:11,822 --> 00:15:15,702 an impoverished prince from an exiled Greek royal family. 245 00:15:17,342 --> 00:15:22,879 The first time that the media caught on to it, 246 00:15:22,903 --> 00:15:26,078 or decided to make anything of it, 247 00:15:26,102 --> 00:15:29,038 as it happened, was at my wedding 248 00:15:29,062 --> 00:15:31,318 in October 1946. 249 00:15:31,342 --> 00:15:34,078 Meanwhile, at the entrance to the abbey, Prince Philip of Greece 250 00:15:34,102 --> 00:15:37,359 waits to escort the royal family from their car. 251 00:15:37,383 --> 00:15:40,879 And there's a famous photograph which is often published 252 00:15:40,903 --> 00:15:44,158 of him taking her fur coat at the door of Romsey Abbey 253 00:15:44,182 --> 00:15:46,158 and sort of looking at each other, 254 00:15:46,182 --> 00:15:49,239 and I think that started a real interest 255 00:15:49,263 --> 00:15:54,359 because I think people thought, "Aha!" at that point. 256 00:15:54,383 --> 00:15:57,399 The royal family and Princess Elizabeth's fiance 257 00:15:57,423 --> 00:16:00,798 have permitted these special film studies to be made in response 258 00:16:00,822 --> 00:16:03,399 to the rapidly mounting worldwide interest in the forthcoming 259 00:16:03,423 --> 00:16:07,798 royal wedding on the 20th of November in Westminster Abbey. 260 00:16:07,822 --> 00:16:09,158 In the evening, Londoners, 261 00:16:09,182 --> 00:16:11,599 who had been waiting outside the palace for hours, 262 00:16:11,623 --> 00:16:13,519 made their feelings perfectly clear 263 00:16:13,543 --> 00:16:16,423 when the princess and her fiance came out onto the balcony. 264 00:16:21,982 --> 00:16:24,639 The day of the wedding and immense crowds. 265 00:16:24,663 --> 00:16:26,678 Thousands had assembled overnight, 266 00:16:26,702 --> 00:16:29,838 others had arrived at dawn, all eagerly waiting 267 00:16:29,863 --> 00:16:32,719 to see and to cheer the royal procession... 268 00:16:32,743 --> 00:16:35,198 The wedding was a fantastic occasion. 269 00:16:35,222 --> 00:16:37,318 If you think of a family wedding 270 00:16:37,342 --> 00:16:39,678 and multiply it hundreds of times, 271 00:16:39,702 --> 00:16:41,519 it was that sort of atmosphere 272 00:16:41,543 --> 00:16:43,438 that really spread through the country. 273 00:16:43,462 --> 00:16:45,278 I, Elizabeth Alexandra Mary... 274 00:16:45,302 --> 00:16:47,838 Take thee, Philip... ..take thee, Philip... 275 00:16:47,863 --> 00:16:50,759 ..to my wedded husband... ..to my wedded husband. 276 00:16:50,783 --> 00:16:53,438 To have and to hold... To have and to hold... 277 00:16:53,462 --> 00:16:56,078 ..from this day forward. ..from this day forward. 278 00:16:56,102 --> 00:16:57,623 WEDDING MARCH PLAYS 279 00:17:04,423 --> 00:17:07,759 Following the King and Queen in the procession were Queen Mary, 280 00:17:07,782 --> 00:17:10,358 Princess Andrew of Greece, the bridegroom's mother, 281 00:17:10,383 --> 00:17:12,439 and King Haakon of Norway. 282 00:17:12,462 --> 00:17:15,679 The wedding was the first extravagant public display 283 00:17:15,702 --> 00:17:19,159 after the war, drawing scattered and out-of-work royals 284 00:17:19,182 --> 00:17:23,038 from across Europe and reminding the British of a grander age 285 00:17:23,063 --> 00:17:25,038 they'd almost forgotten. 286 00:17:25,063 --> 00:17:28,919 And how they cheered the happy pair when they came out onto the balcony. 287 00:17:28,942 --> 00:17:31,159 What a wonderful picture the princess made, 288 00:17:31,182 --> 00:17:33,479 looking most lovely in her magnificent gown 289 00:17:33,502 --> 00:17:35,583 and standing happily beside her husband. 290 00:17:38,502 --> 00:17:41,078 The two of them were walking out together 291 00:17:41,103 --> 00:17:43,798 into a life of relentless observation. 292 00:17:43,823 --> 00:17:48,479 She would lean on him heavily for humour, advice and spontaneity 293 00:17:48,502 --> 00:17:51,919 as they began a journey in which every outside smile, 294 00:17:51,942 --> 00:17:56,103 every turn of the head, every wave was dutifully filmed. 295 00:17:57,302 --> 00:18:01,118 It was an outstandingly successful marriage. 296 00:18:01,143 --> 00:18:04,759 The common bond is that they loved each other 297 00:18:04,782 --> 00:18:07,278 and went on loving each other. 298 00:18:07,303 --> 00:18:10,519 And they had that rather rare capacity, 299 00:18:10,542 --> 00:18:13,199 both as individuals and as a couple, 300 00:18:13,222 --> 00:18:18,143 always to put other people before themselves. 301 00:18:19,742 --> 00:18:23,278 So I think they really did think of themselves 302 00:18:23,303 --> 00:18:25,423 as sharing a very important job. 303 00:18:27,542 --> 00:18:29,038 He would never interfere 304 00:18:29,063 --> 00:18:31,759 on constitutional issues, 305 00:18:31,782 --> 00:18:36,638 on issues of... to do with sort of government programmes, etc, 306 00:18:36,663 --> 00:18:40,878 but he was incredibly useful to bounce ideas off, 307 00:18:40,903 --> 00:18:42,903 to get his views on things. 308 00:18:45,903 --> 00:18:49,118 Leaving London airport on Saturday in one of the Viking aircraft 309 00:18:49,143 --> 00:18:52,118 of the King's Flight, on which is blazoned the royal badge, 310 00:18:52,143 --> 00:18:54,999 was His Royal Highness Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, 311 00:18:55,022 --> 00:18:58,542 lieutenant in the Royal Navy, bound for Malta and service afloat. 312 00:18:59,823 --> 00:19:01,519 It was on the island of Malta 313 00:19:01,542 --> 00:19:05,719 that Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip spent their happiest days 314 00:19:05,742 --> 00:19:10,919 as a young couple, relatively free, relatively private. 315 00:19:10,942 --> 00:19:12,679 I think, for the princess, 316 00:19:12,702 --> 00:19:15,598 it was a marvellous experience 317 00:19:15,623 --> 00:19:18,999 to be able to live a fairly anonymous life 318 00:19:19,022 --> 00:19:22,999 because people were very sensible and realised that, you know, 319 00:19:23,022 --> 00:19:25,398 they didn't want to be treated differently, 320 00:19:25,423 --> 00:19:29,598 and I think it was a very special experience to be able to live 321 00:19:29,623 --> 00:19:32,222 as a private individual for a change. 322 00:19:35,262 --> 00:19:37,702 In Malta, the prince took up polo... 323 00:19:39,542 --> 00:19:42,638 ..and the princess found a hobby of her own... 324 00:19:42,663 --> 00:19:44,798 ..and this is what she filmed, 325 00:19:44,823 --> 00:19:49,078 capturing the greatest and enduring loves of her life - 326 00:19:49,103 --> 00:19:50,798 horses... 327 00:19:50,823 --> 00:19:51,982 ..and her husband. 328 00:19:53,343 --> 00:19:56,759 Dynasties, of course, need children, 329 00:19:56,782 --> 00:19:58,558 and, on cue... 330 00:19:58,583 --> 00:19:59,782 FANFARE 331 00:20:02,383 --> 00:20:04,719 This is the first time for two centuries that a prince 332 00:20:04,742 --> 00:20:08,182 in line of succession to the throne has borne the name Charles. 333 00:20:09,623 --> 00:20:11,278 A year into their marriage, 334 00:20:11,303 --> 00:20:15,838 private home movies captured their newborn, a baby boy. 335 00:20:15,863 --> 00:20:20,999 It was rare to see the princess so relaxed, playful, unguarded - 336 00:20:21,022 --> 00:20:23,719 a glimpse of the ordinary life that she lived 337 00:20:23,742 --> 00:20:26,262 behind the railings and the ceremonial. 338 00:20:28,462 --> 00:20:32,959 Private feeling and public duty were always in tension. 339 00:20:32,982 --> 00:20:37,222 Unlike her, Prince Charles was a future king from his cot. 340 00:20:39,022 --> 00:20:42,038 Two years later came the birth of their second child... 341 00:20:42,063 --> 00:20:43,878 For one-month-old baby Princess Anne, 342 00:20:43,903 --> 00:20:45,479 this was the first public appearance, 343 00:20:45,502 --> 00:20:47,239 but she appeared blissfully unaware... 344 00:20:47,262 --> 00:20:50,863 ..but the family was about to suffer a shattering blow. 345 00:20:52,742 --> 00:20:56,583 In 1952, King George VI was gravely ill. 346 00:20:58,903 --> 00:21:01,199 He sent his daughter and her husband on a tour 347 00:21:01,222 --> 00:21:03,159 of Australia and New Zealand 348 00:21:03,182 --> 00:21:05,423 with a private holiday in Kenya. 349 00:21:07,982 --> 00:21:11,583 It would be the last time that they would see one another. 350 00:21:13,383 --> 00:21:16,838 In Kenya, Prince Philip broke the news to the Queen 351 00:21:16,863 --> 00:21:18,423 of her father's death. 352 00:21:22,222 --> 00:21:23,638 Flying back to London, 353 00:21:23,663 --> 00:21:27,239 she was said to have been in tears, staring out of the window, 354 00:21:27,262 --> 00:21:29,679 contemplating the future. 355 00:21:29,702 --> 00:21:32,583 Official Britain was waiting to claim her. 356 00:21:35,623 --> 00:21:37,919 The death of the King at the age of 56 357 00:21:37,942 --> 00:21:40,959 meant that her life changed forever. 358 00:21:40,982 --> 00:21:45,623 The mother of two young children came to the throne at 25. 359 00:21:47,583 --> 00:21:48,583 Well... 360 00:21:50,423 --> 00:21:53,078 ..it must have been a terrible shock, in many ways. 361 00:21:53,103 --> 00:21:55,638 You could imagine at that age, 362 00:21:55,663 --> 00:22:00,439 when presumably she'd hoped that she'd have a chance to.. 363 00:22:00,462 --> 00:22:02,798 ..to do other things and, you know, 364 00:22:02,823 --> 00:22:10,103 bring up her family and us, and have more time to adjust. 365 00:22:15,303 --> 00:22:16,999 God save the Queen. 366 00:22:17,022 --> 00:22:19,638 CHEERING 367 00:22:19,663 --> 00:22:24,038 It took 16 months to plan but, on June the 2nd 1953, 368 00:22:24,063 --> 00:22:27,878 Queen Elizabeth II's coronation transfixed a country 369 00:22:27,903 --> 00:22:30,919 which was still emerging from austerity and rationing. 370 00:22:30,942 --> 00:22:33,159 The barriers could hardly hold back the multitudes 371 00:22:33,182 --> 00:22:35,278 flooding into the great squares. 372 00:22:35,302 --> 00:22:39,239 Every country of the Commonwealth was represented in that vast crowd. 373 00:22:39,262 --> 00:22:42,919 It was the first television occasion in this country, 374 00:22:42,942 --> 00:22:47,519 and BBC television was the only television network 375 00:22:47,542 --> 00:22:49,638 in Western Europe. 376 00:22:49,663 --> 00:22:52,798 And it was an extraordinary affirmative 377 00:22:52,823 --> 00:22:55,959 and positive, moving event. 378 00:22:55,982 --> 00:22:59,479 And at last, the coach, for which all eyes have been waiting, 379 00:22:59,502 --> 00:23:02,383 and all cheers as they give forth full throated. 380 00:23:06,583 --> 00:23:09,558 One of the things that struck me most forcefully 381 00:23:09,583 --> 00:23:14,439 was the very beginning of the service, when the Queen came in 382 00:23:14,462 --> 00:23:18,838 and went past the throne on which she would sit 383 00:23:18,863 --> 00:23:22,479 and, by herself, knelt in prayer at the high altar - 384 00:23:22,502 --> 00:23:26,159 and there's a profound symbolism there 385 00:23:26,182 --> 00:23:29,919 of the head of state giving her allegiance to God 386 00:23:29,942 --> 00:23:33,318 before anyone gives their allegiance to her. 387 00:23:33,343 --> 00:23:35,479 The Queen anointed, 388 00:23:35,502 --> 00:23:37,598 blessed, 389 00:23:37,623 --> 00:23:39,679 and consecrated. 390 00:23:39,702 --> 00:23:43,903 You're anointed under God and the law. 391 00:23:45,143 --> 00:23:50,742 For her, that's the moment you actually become Queen. 392 00:23:56,502 --> 00:24:00,439 In a ceremony essentially unchanged for over 1,000 years, 393 00:24:00,462 --> 00:24:02,022 the Queen was crowned. 394 00:24:03,303 --> 00:24:06,303 Zadok The Priest by GF Handel 395 00:24:10,863 --> 00:24:13,398 Faith, the Christian faith 396 00:24:13,423 --> 00:24:17,959 has been astonishingly important to the Queen, 397 00:24:17,982 --> 00:24:21,278 and it's been accompanied by real discipline, 398 00:24:21,303 --> 00:24:23,919 observation, churchgoing, 399 00:24:23,942 --> 00:24:27,542 and, I think, has been rooted in a life of prayer. 400 00:24:28,782 --> 00:24:32,598 And I think one of the interesting things about the Queen 401 00:24:32,623 --> 00:24:37,398 is that she would always have been surprised that other people 402 00:24:37,423 --> 00:24:41,479 didn't take prayer so much for granted as she did. 403 00:24:41,502 --> 00:24:45,078 As this day draws to its close, 404 00:24:45,103 --> 00:24:48,278 I know that my abiding memory of it 405 00:24:48,302 --> 00:24:54,479 will be not only the solemnity and beauty of the ceremony, 406 00:24:54,502 --> 00:24:58,583 but the inspiration of your loyalty and affection. 407 00:25:00,343 --> 00:25:03,583 I thank you all from a full heart. 408 00:25:05,303 --> 00:25:06,823 God bless you all. 409 00:25:08,542 --> 00:25:11,519 It was a choice moment. It was a moment to linger on. 410 00:25:11,542 --> 00:25:13,118 It was a moment to savour. 411 00:25:13,143 --> 00:25:16,038 And there she was with her dazzling consort, Prince Philip. 412 00:25:16,063 --> 00:25:19,623 It had the lot, you know. Stardust doesn't sum it up. 413 00:25:22,982 --> 00:25:27,398 27 million people had watched the ceremony on television, 414 00:25:27,423 --> 00:25:31,598 but not these private family moments captured for the Queen herself 415 00:25:31,623 --> 00:25:34,318 behind the scenes at Buckingham Palace. 416 00:25:34,343 --> 00:25:38,782 They remind us that monarchy and family are the same thing. 417 00:25:41,022 --> 00:25:43,558 Prince Charles, now four years old, 418 00:25:43,583 --> 00:25:47,638 was the first child ever to watch his mother being crowned sovereign, 419 00:25:47,663 --> 00:25:49,919 sitting on his grandmother's knee. 420 00:25:49,942 --> 00:25:52,558 Princess Anne was too young to attend. 421 00:25:52,583 --> 00:25:54,759 I shall never forget, 422 00:25:54,782 --> 00:25:56,719 you know, when we were small, 423 00:25:56,742 --> 00:25:58,439 having a bath and she came in 424 00:25:58,462 --> 00:26:02,719 practising wearing the crown for the coronation. 425 00:26:02,742 --> 00:26:06,782 Marvellous moments I shall never forget. 426 00:26:08,423 --> 00:26:11,759 Now, she was sovereign of the United Kingdom, Australia, 427 00:26:11,782 --> 00:26:13,638 New Zealand and Canada, 428 00:26:13,663 --> 00:26:18,118 and head of State of a further 14 independent territories. 429 00:26:18,143 --> 00:26:19,798 Head of the Church of England, 430 00:26:19,823 --> 00:26:22,719 the Royal Navy, the Army, the Royal Air Force, 431 00:26:22,742 --> 00:26:24,679 and, of course, the Commonwealth. 432 00:26:24,702 --> 00:26:26,798 The full weight and glitter 433 00:26:26,823 --> 00:26:30,519 of one of the world's last 24-carat monarchies... 434 00:26:30,542 --> 00:26:32,302 ..and on slim young shoulders. 435 00:26:33,903 --> 00:26:36,838 Her early reign was a golden time. 436 00:26:36,863 --> 00:26:40,439 She and Prince Philip set off on a tour of Commonwealth countries, 437 00:26:40,462 --> 00:26:42,823 including New Zealand and Australia. 438 00:26:44,542 --> 00:26:48,078 She first came in 1954, 439 00:26:48,103 --> 00:26:51,798 when I was 14 or 15, 440 00:26:51,823 --> 00:26:54,078 and it was the first ever 441 00:26:54,103 --> 00:26:56,679 visit to Australia by a reigning monarch 442 00:26:56,702 --> 00:26:59,038 and it created incredible interest. 443 00:26:59,063 --> 00:27:01,439 It was a big event. 444 00:27:01,462 --> 00:27:05,519 I think the reason people responded to her so well 445 00:27:05,542 --> 00:27:09,663 is the love that she had for the Commonwealth was palpable. 446 00:27:10,782 --> 00:27:15,118 Every particle of that territorial empire she cherished, 447 00:27:15,143 --> 00:27:18,063 as she did every particle of her United Kingdom. 448 00:27:22,782 --> 00:27:24,318 A monarch and a mother, 449 00:27:24,343 --> 00:27:26,118 Queen Elizabeth II was the first 450 00:27:26,143 --> 00:27:28,999 reigning British sovereign to have a child 451 00:27:29,022 --> 00:27:30,598 since the days of Queen Victoria, 452 00:27:30,623 --> 00:27:33,143 with the birth of Prince Andrew in 1960. 453 00:27:36,302 --> 00:27:39,679 Prince Edward was born four years later. 454 00:27:39,702 --> 00:27:42,863 Princess Anne is 15. Prince Charles, 17. 455 00:27:44,302 --> 00:27:45,638 As heir apparent, 456 00:27:45,663 --> 00:27:48,519 Prince Charles received the title of Prince of Wales 457 00:27:48,542 --> 00:27:50,558 when he was still a boy. 458 00:27:50,583 --> 00:27:53,358 To help him understand its full significance, 459 00:27:53,383 --> 00:27:57,679 the Queen required him to be formally invested at 20. 460 00:27:57,702 --> 00:28:02,479 I remember very well being slightly nervous, to say the least, 461 00:28:02,502 --> 00:28:06,118 of having to walk up through the whole of the castle 462 00:28:06,143 --> 00:28:08,358 and have this coronet, 463 00:28:08,383 --> 00:28:12,679 which was of a slightly revolutionary design, 464 00:28:12,702 --> 00:28:14,959 plonked onto my head 465 00:28:14,982 --> 00:28:21,798 and then go and kneel in front of my mama 466 00:28:21,823 --> 00:28:23,398 to take the oath. 467 00:28:23,423 --> 00:28:27,959 I, Charles Prince of Wales, do become your liege man 468 00:28:27,982 --> 00:28:29,519 of life and limb. 469 00:28:29,542 --> 00:28:34,343 It was a very proud and moving and rather humbling moment, I thought. 470 00:28:38,462 --> 00:28:40,078 In keeping with modern times, 471 00:28:40,103 --> 00:28:43,063 they have come closer to their peoples than ever before. 472 00:28:45,423 --> 00:28:48,118 In the weeks before his investiture, 473 00:28:48,143 --> 00:28:51,239 a candid television portrait of the royals was watched 474 00:28:51,262 --> 00:28:53,638 by two thirds of the population. 475 00:28:53,663 --> 00:28:58,022 It gave an insight into how the royal family lived in 1960s Britain. 476 00:29:00,103 --> 00:29:06,383 I was wondering if we couldn't find something for the sapphires. 477 00:29:08,103 --> 00:29:09,999 That, you could wear with silver brocade. 478 00:29:10,022 --> 00:29:11,239 Oh, quite easily, yes. 479 00:29:11,262 --> 00:29:12,838 So can we remember that? Yes. 480 00:29:12,863 --> 00:29:16,919 LOW SLIDING NOTE 481 00:29:16,942 --> 00:29:18,519 Sounds like a tiger. 482 00:29:18,542 --> 00:29:19,838 That's right. 483 00:29:19,863 --> 00:29:21,318 GROWLING NOTE 484 00:29:21,343 --> 00:29:23,038 Oh! 485 00:29:23,063 --> 00:29:24,398 Shall we go and join the others? 486 00:29:24,423 --> 00:29:26,878 Yes, shall we go and join the others? 487 00:29:26,903 --> 00:29:29,358 The Queen's juggling of motherhood and monarchy 488 00:29:29,383 --> 00:29:31,558 was much questioned over the years 489 00:29:31,583 --> 00:29:34,719 but not, it should be said, by her children. 490 00:29:34,742 --> 00:29:38,118 The holiday times were pretty well kept, actually, 491 00:29:38,143 --> 00:29:39,719 from our perspective. 492 00:29:39,742 --> 00:29:43,398 Our holidays were... They were nearly always around. 493 00:29:43,423 --> 00:29:46,239 Partly because it included all the things that she enjoyed 494 00:29:46,262 --> 00:29:50,358 and that included the countryside, the dogs, the horses, 495 00:29:50,383 --> 00:29:53,239 and just being out and about and being able to get away a bit 496 00:29:53,262 --> 00:29:54,903 from that public gaze. 497 00:29:56,583 --> 00:30:01,959 And I do have very happy memories of childhood up in Scotland, 498 00:30:01,982 --> 00:30:04,479 you know, Balmoral in the summer. 499 00:30:04,502 --> 00:30:05,583 And... 500 00:30:08,343 --> 00:30:09,383 ..yes, it... 501 00:30:10,663 --> 00:30:13,702 Well, I was very lucky to have her as a mother. 502 00:30:17,103 --> 00:30:21,318 She was always the Queen, because that was really important 503 00:30:21,343 --> 00:30:22,759 for all of us, 504 00:30:22,782 --> 00:30:24,358 but she was always my mother 505 00:30:24,383 --> 00:30:26,623 so that is how you would remember her. 506 00:30:29,702 --> 00:30:33,159 The happiest times, inevitably, that we'd spend together 507 00:30:33,182 --> 00:30:35,398 would be on holidays. 508 00:30:35,423 --> 00:30:39,199 So, Balmoral and Sandringham stand out very, very clearly 509 00:30:39,222 --> 00:30:40,663 as favourite places... 510 00:30:41,903 --> 00:30:45,759 ..because of the time that we spent together as a family. 511 00:30:45,782 --> 00:30:49,318 Oh! Why have you done that? Save you the trouble. 512 00:30:49,343 --> 00:30:54,222 She always took a great interest in things I was doing. 513 00:30:55,903 --> 00:31:00,439 I remember being... when I was sent off to school and everywhere else, 514 00:31:00,462 --> 00:31:01,959 I was always accompanied by a note 515 00:31:01,982 --> 00:31:04,759 saying I was to be treated just like everybody else. 516 00:31:04,782 --> 00:31:09,118 She was working and so we didn't see much of her during the day 517 00:31:09,143 --> 00:31:10,558 because of the duties. 518 00:31:10,583 --> 00:31:13,038 But in the evening, just the same as any other family, 519 00:31:13,063 --> 00:31:14,558 we would get together. 520 00:31:14,583 --> 00:31:16,159 We would always see them at weekends, 521 00:31:16,182 --> 00:31:18,838 we would always go down to Windsor Castle. 522 00:31:18,863 --> 00:31:24,318 We'll see if this is strong enough to... Get off. 523 00:31:24,343 --> 00:31:28,078 We weren't appendages that should be seen and not heard. 524 00:31:28,103 --> 00:31:32,063 We were definitely the priority. 525 00:31:33,423 --> 00:31:35,719 What do you want here? Good morning. 526 00:31:35,742 --> 00:31:37,558 Ice cream. 527 00:31:37,583 --> 00:31:39,679 Ice cream. This is what he really would like. 528 00:31:39,702 --> 00:31:41,742 They always go straight for the ice cream. 529 00:31:43,343 --> 00:31:46,959 The relationship was patently about periods away, 530 00:31:46,982 --> 00:31:49,759 doing things which couldn't be altered, 531 00:31:49,782 --> 00:31:52,959 programmes which were set, 532 00:31:52,982 --> 00:31:55,638 and an attempt to always have a sort of regular time slot 533 00:31:55,663 --> 00:31:56,863 for the children. 534 00:31:58,542 --> 00:32:00,439 Britannia was particularly special. 535 00:32:00,462 --> 00:32:05,358 Those were the times when I probably felt that... 536 00:32:05,383 --> 00:32:10,278 ..you know, the Queen was the most relaxed 537 00:32:10,303 --> 00:32:15,502 and was the furthest away from the pressures of the job and the state. 538 00:32:18,663 --> 00:32:20,959 But there was, you know, there was always a sense of 539 00:32:20,982 --> 00:32:23,638 there were other things which were extremely important, 540 00:32:23,663 --> 00:32:27,398 which had to be dealt with and places had to be gone to. 541 00:32:27,423 --> 00:32:31,118 I certainly accompanied her on tours in the early days, 542 00:32:31,143 --> 00:32:35,398 and that was probably the best way of realising 543 00:32:35,423 --> 00:32:39,863 what was expected of you and how to respond. 544 00:32:41,343 --> 00:32:43,078 It wasn't necessarily very easy 545 00:32:43,103 --> 00:32:46,318 because, of course, the spotlight's on you from the word go, 546 00:32:46,343 --> 00:32:48,502 so you didn't exactly learn in the quiet. 547 00:32:50,222 --> 00:32:52,623 Jump. Jump. 548 00:32:54,182 --> 00:32:55,878 It was a very special relationship 549 00:32:55,903 --> 00:32:59,999 and, apart from my three brothers, 550 00:33:00,022 --> 00:33:02,239 we're the only people who have that relationship, 551 00:33:02,262 --> 00:33:04,078 so that's... 552 00:33:04,103 --> 00:33:05,942 ..that's how I remember her. 553 00:33:11,823 --> 00:33:15,919 So, family first - but only after hours. 554 00:33:15,942 --> 00:33:21,118 Day after day, constitutional duty almost overwhelmed the Queen's life, 555 00:33:21,143 --> 00:33:24,863 starting with an endless river of official documents. 556 00:33:27,343 --> 00:33:32,038 We used to send her up a red box every evening, 557 00:33:32,063 --> 00:33:36,999 full of Cabinet papers, intelligence reports, telegrams. 558 00:33:37,022 --> 00:33:39,798 It would always come back the next day, 559 00:33:39,823 --> 00:33:41,838 read, ticked off. 560 00:33:41,863 --> 00:33:44,759 Since the days of Winston Churchill, 561 00:33:44,782 --> 00:33:47,959 she knew every important secret of the British state, 562 00:33:47,982 --> 00:33:50,262 something shared by nobody else. 563 00:33:54,423 --> 00:33:57,878 As head of state, only the monarch has the power to summon 564 00:33:57,903 --> 00:34:01,278 or end a session of Parliament and appoint a Prime Minister, 565 00:34:01,303 --> 00:34:04,439 and she appointed plenty and knew them well, 566 00:34:04,462 --> 00:34:08,039 seeing each in regular weekly meetings. 567 00:34:08,063 --> 00:34:10,639 The Prime Minister, Your Highness. 568 00:34:10,663 --> 00:34:11,663 Good evening, Ma'am. 569 00:34:13,503 --> 00:34:15,958 I think all prime ministers would say the same. 570 00:34:15,983 --> 00:34:20,039 They're an immensely therapeutic event. 571 00:34:20,063 --> 00:34:22,759 Very nice to see you again. Lovely to see you again. It's been... 572 00:34:22,782 --> 00:34:24,958 It's sort of like a priest - 573 00:34:24,983 --> 00:34:29,398 no matter how appalling your confession may be 574 00:34:29,422 --> 00:34:32,039 about what's been going on, 575 00:34:32,063 --> 00:34:35,798 and... she had heard it all before 576 00:34:35,822 --> 00:34:38,958 and she had seen it all before, 577 00:34:38,983 --> 00:34:41,063 and that was immensely consoling. 578 00:34:42,262 --> 00:34:46,278 It's the one place where a prime minister can sit down with somebody 579 00:34:46,302 --> 00:34:50,719 who is knowledgeable, as the Queen was knowledgeable, 580 00:34:50,742 --> 00:34:55,478 and know that nothing's going to be briefed out from that meeting. 581 00:34:55,503 --> 00:34:57,639 There won't be any leaks from that meeting. 582 00:34:57,663 --> 00:35:00,239 You're both just talking to each other, one to one. 583 00:35:00,262 --> 00:35:02,199 When things were really tough and difficult, 584 00:35:02,222 --> 00:35:03,798 you know, decisions, 585 00:35:03,822 --> 00:35:06,063 war and peace or... 586 00:35:07,302 --> 00:35:11,358 ..even I found, if there was a crisis within government, 587 00:35:11,382 --> 00:35:14,878 those audiences were a chance to talk to someone 588 00:35:14,902 --> 00:35:17,278 with that acquired wisdom, 589 00:35:17,302 --> 00:35:20,742 things that I literally could not discuss with anybody else. 590 00:35:22,503 --> 00:35:24,958 And she was brilliant without ever giving an opinion 591 00:35:24,983 --> 00:35:27,199 to nonetheless give advice. 592 00:35:27,222 --> 00:35:30,199 Beyond regular meetings with her prime ministers, 593 00:35:30,222 --> 00:35:32,318 for most of her reign, the Queen 594 00:35:32,342 --> 00:35:36,998 was engaged in a relentless round of ceremonial duties, 595 00:35:37,023 --> 00:35:39,239 from the Garter Parade at Windsor 596 00:35:39,262 --> 00:35:42,478 to garden parties at Buckingham Palace and Holyroodhouse, 597 00:35:42,503 --> 00:35:46,862 with more than 30,000 guests attending each year. 598 00:35:48,742 --> 00:35:50,478 In her lifetime, 599 00:35:50,503 --> 00:35:55,518 the Queen conferred more than 400,000 honours and awards. 600 00:35:55,543 --> 00:35:58,679 As a token of thanks and appreciation... 601 00:35:58,702 --> 00:36:02,719 By her recognising the work that they were doing, 602 00:36:02,742 --> 00:36:04,398 the sense of pride 603 00:36:04,422 --> 00:36:06,838 and self-worth that she gave to people 604 00:36:06,862 --> 00:36:10,143 is something that is so valuable. 605 00:36:11,222 --> 00:36:14,119 Each June saw the celebration of her official birthday 606 00:36:14,143 --> 00:36:15,862 at Trooping the Colour. 607 00:36:18,503 --> 00:36:20,398 Until the latter years of her reign, 608 00:36:20,422 --> 00:36:23,918 the Queen turned up for around 400 official engagements 609 00:36:23,943 --> 00:36:25,878 every year in the UK 610 00:36:25,902 --> 00:36:29,583 and across her reign she made more than 270 foreign trips. 611 00:36:31,182 --> 00:36:34,119 Monsieur le President, mesdames et messieurs, 612 00:36:34,143 --> 00:36:37,798 je rends hommage a la nation francaise. 613 00:36:37,822 --> 00:36:41,639 Each year, 1,000 diplomats mingled at Buckingham Palace 614 00:36:41,663 --> 00:36:43,518 in the presence of the royal family, 615 00:36:43,543 --> 00:36:47,143 with every single one of them expecting at least a few sentences. 616 00:36:48,822 --> 00:36:52,199 You're studying here? 617 00:36:52,222 --> 00:36:55,239 Whenever we did engagements which required all the family 618 00:36:55,262 --> 00:36:59,878 to be together, we would often discuss afterwards 619 00:36:59,902 --> 00:37:01,798 funny things that had happened 620 00:37:01,822 --> 00:37:04,998 and she loved to hear all of those stories. 621 00:37:05,023 --> 00:37:07,918 She had the most wonderful sense of humour. 622 00:37:07,943 --> 00:37:10,358 Well, Your Majesty, you're looking well, 623 00:37:10,382 --> 00:37:14,559 taking into account your tight schedule. 624 00:37:14,583 --> 00:37:17,838 Tomorrow I'm going to see 16 people. 625 00:37:17,862 --> 00:37:20,679 I may not look so good tomorrow. LAUGHTER 626 00:37:20,702 --> 00:37:23,759 In 1991, the Queen was officially welcomed 627 00:37:23,782 --> 00:37:27,679 by the United States President, George Bush Sr. 628 00:37:27,702 --> 00:37:30,518 Unfortunately, no-one adjusted her podium. 629 00:37:30,543 --> 00:37:32,119 Instead of the head of state, 630 00:37:32,143 --> 00:37:35,278 the world's press and television saw only the hat of state. 631 00:37:35,302 --> 00:37:39,278 It is 15 years since our last visit to Washington. 632 00:37:39,302 --> 00:37:42,318 Mr Speaker, Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, 633 00:37:42,342 --> 00:37:44,798 His Royal Highness the Duke of Edinburgh. 634 00:37:44,822 --> 00:37:47,239 Two days later, at a meeting of the US Senate, 635 00:37:47,262 --> 00:37:49,759 the Queen made it quite clear that she'd noticed. 636 00:37:49,782 --> 00:37:51,382 APPLAUSE 637 00:37:58,342 --> 00:38:01,079 I do hope you can see me today from where you are. 638 00:38:01,103 --> 00:38:03,583 LAUGHTER 639 00:38:10,983 --> 00:38:14,958 During her long reign, there were serious challenges. 640 00:38:14,983 --> 00:38:19,679 To be queen meant to weather all the storms of the changes of atmosphere 641 00:38:19,702 --> 00:38:21,759 that blew in around her. 642 00:38:21,782 --> 00:38:26,719 By the 1970s, a rougher and more politically extreme decade, 643 00:38:26,742 --> 00:38:31,518 overt Republicanism began to be voiced, particularly in Scotland. 644 00:38:31,543 --> 00:38:33,838 Some students started banging on the window, 645 00:38:33,862 --> 00:38:36,398 shouting, "Queen out." 646 00:38:36,422 --> 00:38:38,838 Groups of students, many drinking beer and wine, 647 00:38:38,862 --> 00:38:41,159 were almost everywhere the Queen went. 648 00:38:41,182 --> 00:38:44,639 Obscene songs were sung and a stink bomb was thrown 649 00:38:44,663 --> 00:38:48,159 as students protested at the amount of money spent on the visit. 650 00:38:48,182 --> 00:38:49,679 The Queen appeared unruffled 651 00:38:49,702 --> 00:38:51,782 and none of the students actually reached her. 652 00:38:53,342 --> 00:38:58,039 Her Silver Jubilee celebration of 1977 was, in one way, 653 00:38:58,063 --> 00:39:00,983 a test of the institution of monarchy itself. 654 00:39:02,983 --> 00:39:04,278 She easily passed it 655 00:39:04,302 --> 00:39:08,478 with the help of the biggest street parties ever seen 656 00:39:08,503 --> 00:39:10,679 and an emotional statement, 657 00:39:10,702 --> 00:39:13,358 reiterating the promise she had first made 658 00:39:13,382 --> 00:39:15,239 as a princess on a birthday long ago. 659 00:39:15,262 --> 00:39:22,278 When I was 21, I pledged my life to the service of our people... 660 00:39:22,302 --> 00:39:25,983 ..and I asked for God's help to make good that vow. 661 00:39:28,222 --> 00:39:32,559 Although that vow was made in my salad days, 662 00:39:32,583 --> 00:39:35,798 when I was green in judgment, 663 00:39:35,822 --> 00:39:39,262 I do not regret nor retract one word of it. 664 00:39:42,222 --> 00:39:45,358 She wasn't going to flinch or step away. 665 00:39:45,382 --> 00:39:49,039 Her resolution would be tested time and time again, 666 00:39:49,063 --> 00:39:51,639 and never more brutally than when, in 1979, 667 00:39:51,663 --> 00:39:55,438 the republicanism of the Northern Ireland Troubles 668 00:39:55,463 --> 00:39:57,902 came horribly close to home. 669 00:39:59,543 --> 00:40:03,119 The man she called Uncle Dickie, Lord Louis Mountbatten, 670 00:40:03,143 --> 00:40:06,463 was murdered by the IRA on a family boating trip. 671 00:40:11,943 --> 00:40:14,119 A huge amount of private grief for the Queen, 672 00:40:14,143 --> 00:40:16,918 but she would have known that, for Prince Philip, 673 00:40:16,943 --> 00:40:19,838 for her husband, it would have been devastating, 674 00:40:19,862 --> 00:40:21,679 knowing that he'd lost probably 675 00:40:21,702 --> 00:40:24,278 the second most important person in his life. 676 00:40:24,302 --> 00:40:27,119 I think it added a sense of fragility, really. 677 00:40:27,143 --> 00:40:30,679 Just brought home the reality of the fact that actually the royals 678 00:40:30,702 --> 00:40:33,278 and their supporters could be targets 679 00:40:33,302 --> 00:40:36,023 and that effectively rocked the royal family to its core. 680 00:40:37,182 --> 00:40:41,759 In her lifetime, the most serious challenges to the status of monarchy 681 00:40:41,782 --> 00:40:44,278 came not from external factors, 682 00:40:44,302 --> 00:40:46,559 but internal family troubles. 683 00:40:46,583 --> 00:40:49,559 Not a paradox, really, because the House of Windsor, 684 00:40:49,583 --> 00:40:51,958 the self-styled family monarchy, 685 00:40:51,983 --> 00:40:55,958 prided itself on upholding traditional Christian values. 686 00:40:55,983 --> 00:41:00,079 After her own wedding, the Queen gave a speech denouncing divorce - 687 00:41:00,103 --> 00:41:04,822 but the modern monarchy couldn't escape marital breakdown. 688 00:41:06,623 --> 00:41:10,039 The first divorcee in the Queen's close family circle 689 00:41:10,063 --> 00:41:12,382 was her only sister, Princess Margaret. 690 00:41:18,583 --> 00:41:22,719 In 1960, she married Antony Armstrong-Jones 691 00:41:22,742 --> 00:41:25,463 and, in 1978, they divorced. 692 00:41:28,342 --> 00:41:32,039 The Queen's first child to marry was Princess Anne, 693 00:41:32,063 --> 00:41:35,143 who wed Captain Mark Phillips in 1973... 694 00:41:36,623 --> 00:41:38,039 ..and, in 1986, 695 00:41:38,063 --> 00:41:41,782 the nation celebrated the wedding of Prince Andrew and Sarah Ferguson. 696 00:41:48,902 --> 00:41:53,398 They separated in the same year as Princess Anne's divorce. 697 00:41:53,422 --> 00:42:01,342 1992 is not a year on which I shall look back with undiluted pleasure. 698 00:42:03,943 --> 00:42:08,239 In the words of one of my more sympathetic correspondents, 699 00:42:08,262 --> 00:42:12,382 it has turned out to be an annus horribilis. 700 00:42:14,543 --> 00:42:18,998 This year of upheaval also saw Windsor Castle catch fire 701 00:42:19,023 --> 00:42:22,463 on what was the Queen's 45th wedding anniversary. 702 00:42:24,623 --> 00:42:28,679 The castle, occupied by a royal family for almost 1,000 years, 703 00:42:28,702 --> 00:42:32,239 was partially gutted by the most humdrum accident - 704 00:42:32,262 --> 00:42:35,023 a spotlight setting fire to a curtain. 705 00:42:36,382 --> 00:42:40,679 I don't think any of us will forget the sight 706 00:42:40,702 --> 00:42:42,478 of our diminutive sovereign 707 00:42:42,503 --> 00:42:44,759 in that raincoat and cape and hood, 708 00:42:44,782 --> 00:42:47,599 you know, in the rain, 709 00:42:47,623 --> 00:42:50,782 looking at the damage and how it was being dealt with. 710 00:42:54,063 --> 00:42:57,518 But 1992, this year of royal trauma, 711 00:42:57,543 --> 00:43:00,199 was overwhelmed by the news of another, 712 00:43:00,222 --> 00:43:02,143 more dramatic marriage breakdown. 713 00:43:03,342 --> 00:43:06,599 It is announced from Buckingham Palace that, with regret, 714 00:43:06,623 --> 00:43:09,663 the Prince and Princess of Wales have decided to separate. 715 00:43:10,742 --> 00:43:13,318 Separation then led to divorce, 716 00:43:13,342 --> 00:43:17,518 something few people thought possible back in 1981, 717 00:43:17,543 --> 00:43:20,318 when Prince Charles, heir to the British throne, 718 00:43:20,342 --> 00:43:22,623 married Lady Diana Spencer. 719 00:43:24,463 --> 00:43:26,119 With no expense spared, 720 00:43:26,143 --> 00:43:29,559 this had been one of the great public weddings of all time, 721 00:43:29,583 --> 00:43:34,862 watched by a global audience of 750 million people. 722 00:43:38,663 --> 00:43:40,559 And what an extraordinary moment 723 00:43:40,583 --> 00:43:42,599 for the new Princess of Wales 724 00:43:42,623 --> 00:43:46,302 to look out at this sea of human beings... 725 00:43:47,702 --> 00:43:50,902 ..who now will feel that they, in some way, own her. 726 00:43:53,902 --> 00:43:55,358 At the time, 727 00:43:55,382 --> 00:43:58,478 the future of the monarchy had never seemed more secure 728 00:43:58,503 --> 00:44:02,103 than with the birth of Prince William of Wales in 1982. 729 00:44:03,503 --> 00:44:07,079 Two years later, a second son was born. 730 00:44:07,103 --> 00:44:08,918 Prince Harry appeared for the cameras 731 00:44:08,943 --> 00:44:11,159 wearing the christening robe of Honiton lace 732 00:44:11,182 --> 00:44:13,639 worn by generations of royal babies. 733 00:44:13,663 --> 00:44:15,398 For his father, Prince Charles, 734 00:44:15,422 --> 00:44:18,119 it was an excuse to give an instant history lesson 735 00:44:18,143 --> 00:44:20,318 to young Prince William. 736 00:44:20,342 --> 00:44:22,679 Granny was christened in this. 737 00:44:22,702 --> 00:44:24,663 Great Granny. And Great Granny. 738 00:44:26,262 --> 00:44:27,503 And I was. 739 00:44:29,182 --> 00:44:33,599 But by the mid-1990s, the final scenes and confrontations 740 00:44:33,623 --> 00:44:36,103 between them were being played out in public. 741 00:44:40,902 --> 00:44:44,878 When it was clear that they were going to separate, 742 00:44:44,902 --> 00:44:49,583 I was very much, at that stage, the intermediary with the princess. 743 00:44:50,822 --> 00:44:53,679 The Queen was... 744 00:44:53,702 --> 00:44:58,958 ..looking at pragmatic ways in which she could 745 00:44:58,983 --> 00:45:03,719 help the princess in establishing a new life. 746 00:45:03,742 --> 00:45:07,958 I think the Queen accepted 747 00:45:07,983 --> 00:45:13,039 that this was the sad outcome of that. 748 00:45:13,063 --> 00:45:16,023 She kept in close touch with the princess. 749 00:45:17,222 --> 00:45:23,719 Then, in August 1997, came news which shook not only the monarchy 750 00:45:23,742 --> 00:45:25,663 but the world. 751 00:45:27,943 --> 00:45:31,119 Just after midnight, the black Mercedes hit the kerb, 752 00:45:31,143 --> 00:45:33,679 cannoned into a concrete pillar of an underpass, 753 00:45:33,702 --> 00:45:36,039 then bounced into the side wall. 754 00:45:36,063 --> 00:45:39,039 Concussion, a broken arm, lacerations to the thigh 755 00:45:39,063 --> 00:45:42,039 shouldn't give enormous cause for concern... 756 00:45:42,063 --> 00:45:44,679 Stephen, I have to interrupt there, 757 00:45:44,702 --> 00:45:47,398 because, within the last few moments, 758 00:45:47,422 --> 00:45:49,918 the Press Association in Britain, 759 00:45:49,943 --> 00:45:52,278 citing unnamed British sources, 760 00:45:52,302 --> 00:45:55,422 has reported that Diana, Princess of Wales, has died. 761 00:45:59,342 --> 00:46:01,958 Everything came to a sudden head. 762 00:46:01,983 --> 00:46:04,878 Much of Britain was convulsed with grief - 763 00:46:04,902 --> 00:46:06,798 publicly displayed grief, 764 00:46:06,822 --> 00:46:10,438 an almost Mediterranean outpouring of grief. 765 00:46:10,463 --> 00:46:13,079 SHE SOBS 766 00:46:13,103 --> 00:46:16,039 As the nation mourned, it was the Queen herself 767 00:46:16,063 --> 00:46:18,623 who was criticised for staying silent. 768 00:46:19,943 --> 00:46:22,478 That was a very difficult time for the monarchy 769 00:46:22,503 --> 00:46:24,438 because, frankly, there was a... 770 00:46:24,463 --> 00:46:28,278 ..there was a distance that arose very sharply 771 00:46:28,302 --> 00:46:34,438 between the public reaction to Princess Diana's death and... 772 00:46:34,463 --> 00:46:37,878 ..the traditional distance of the monarchy 773 00:46:37,902 --> 00:46:41,719 and reserve of the monarchy in situations like that. 774 00:46:41,742 --> 00:46:45,182 And over the days of that week... 775 00:46:47,463 --> 00:46:50,199 ..she was, I think, genuinely wrestling 776 00:46:50,222 --> 00:46:54,518 with what she felt was appropriate and what she felt was necessary, 777 00:46:54,543 --> 00:46:57,079 and was it possible to find the right compromise 778 00:46:57,103 --> 00:46:58,902 between those two things? 779 00:47:00,222 --> 00:47:02,478 For four days after Diana's death, 780 00:47:02,503 --> 00:47:07,822 the Queen stayed with her grandsons at Balmoral as public anger grew. 781 00:47:09,983 --> 00:47:12,798 There were two young princes 782 00:47:12,822 --> 00:47:15,159 who had lost their mother, 783 00:47:15,182 --> 00:47:20,199 and how the family coped with that 784 00:47:20,222 --> 00:47:24,023 was very much in her mind. 785 00:47:25,063 --> 00:47:29,079 I think it was one of the occasions 786 00:47:29,103 --> 00:47:36,599 when she put family centre stage for a few days, 787 00:47:36,623 --> 00:47:40,998 at the same time as trying to work out 788 00:47:41,023 --> 00:47:45,518 how the nation honoured, if you like, the princess. 789 00:47:45,543 --> 00:47:48,838 The Queen came back to London. 790 00:47:48,862 --> 00:47:54,798 I remember that the atmosphere was really threatening. 791 00:47:54,822 --> 00:47:58,958 Large crowds of people, but silent. 792 00:47:58,983 --> 00:48:04,639 As the Queen's car came to the end of Constitution Hill 793 00:48:04,663 --> 00:48:07,079 to approach Buckingham Palace, 794 00:48:07,103 --> 00:48:12,039 you began to hear a slight applause amongst the crowd. 795 00:48:12,063 --> 00:48:13,639 This is a tragic occasion. 796 00:48:13,663 --> 00:48:15,719 Looks as though the Queen is about to... She is. 797 00:48:15,742 --> 00:48:18,559 She's getting out of the car, Wes, and is going to talk to people. 798 00:48:18,583 --> 00:48:20,358 It's extremely unusual. 799 00:48:20,382 --> 00:48:22,440 - This is almost unprecedented. - SOFT APPLAUSE 800 00:48:22,465 --> 00:48:26,478 I think perhaps the last time that the Queen was among her people, 801 00:48:26,503 --> 00:48:30,719 outside the Palace, was the day the war in Europe ended. 802 00:48:30,742 --> 00:48:35,239 And from that moment, it sort of felt that the Queen had come back, 803 00:48:35,262 --> 00:48:39,239 that the criticism that had been made had, in a way, been answered, 804 00:48:39,262 --> 00:48:42,143 and the atmosphere did change after that. 805 00:48:44,943 --> 00:48:48,039 On the fifth day after the princess's death, 806 00:48:48,063 --> 00:48:50,798 the Queen finally talked to the people. 807 00:48:50,822 --> 00:48:53,438 In her calmly familiar voice, 808 00:48:53,463 --> 00:48:57,559 she said something difficult and unfamiliar. 809 00:48:57,583 --> 00:49:00,742 It was a generous admission of Diana's power. 810 00:49:01,983 --> 00:49:06,159 What I say to you now, as your queen and as a grandmother, 811 00:49:06,182 --> 00:49:07,822 I say from my heart. 812 00:49:09,463 --> 00:49:13,478 First, I want to pay tribute to Diana myself. 813 00:49:13,503 --> 00:49:16,878 She was an exceptional and gifted human being. 814 00:49:16,902 --> 00:49:19,478 In good times and bad, 815 00:49:19,503 --> 00:49:22,958 she never lost her capacity to smile and laugh, 816 00:49:22,983 --> 00:49:26,679 nor to inspire others with her warmth and kindness. 817 00:49:26,702 --> 00:49:29,239 It was interesting in the conversations 818 00:49:29,262 --> 00:49:31,159 I had with her that week... 819 00:49:31,182 --> 00:49:35,239 I mean, I could tell the hesitation and the reserve. 820 00:49:35,262 --> 00:49:38,918 But what came through ultimately and predominated 821 00:49:38,943 --> 00:49:41,199 was what she thought was necessary and right, 822 00:49:41,222 --> 00:49:43,278 not just for the monarchy, but for the country. 823 00:49:43,302 --> 00:49:50,438 She does duty, and her duty was to lead the country 824 00:49:50,463 --> 00:49:52,239 through a difficult time, 825 00:49:52,262 --> 00:49:55,199 even if actually some of the difficulty 826 00:49:55,222 --> 00:49:57,398 and some of the antagonism 827 00:49:57,422 --> 00:49:59,902 and anger was directed at her. 828 00:50:01,503 --> 00:50:05,039 Six days after her death, Diana's funeral took place 829 00:50:05,063 --> 00:50:06,639 at Westminster Abbey, 830 00:50:06,663 --> 00:50:10,398 and, as the coffin passed, the Queen paid her respects in a way 831 00:50:10,422 --> 00:50:13,679 she had never been seen to do before. 832 00:50:13,702 --> 00:50:17,119 I was standing right behind the Queen 833 00:50:17,143 --> 00:50:21,878 and, completely to my surprise, the Queen gave a bow. 834 00:50:21,902 --> 00:50:23,478 It wasn't a nod. 835 00:50:23,503 --> 00:50:26,039 It was quite a bow. 836 00:50:26,063 --> 00:50:29,103 It hadn't been discussed beforehand at all. 837 00:50:30,342 --> 00:50:34,119 And I think it was something that came completely from her 838 00:50:34,143 --> 00:50:36,342 and it was a wonderful gesture. 839 00:50:53,422 --> 00:50:56,518 She was the queen of the stiff upper lip. 840 00:50:56,543 --> 00:50:59,278 She didn't like displays of emotion, 841 00:50:59,302 --> 00:51:03,438 particularly over what she saw as personal private issues. 842 00:51:03,463 --> 00:51:08,318 Monarchy meant to her stability, dignity and continuity, 843 00:51:08,342 --> 00:51:11,663 even in the face of direct threats against her. 844 00:51:14,782 --> 00:51:17,679 At the age of 55, during the Queen's annual Birthday Parade, 845 00:51:17,702 --> 00:51:18,998 Trooping the Colour, 846 00:51:19,023 --> 00:51:21,838 despite the heavy presence of troops and police, 847 00:51:21,862 --> 00:51:26,398 a man fired directly at the Queen six times. 848 00:51:26,422 --> 00:51:28,320 - GUNSHOTS - REPORTER: Duke of Edinburgh, 849 00:51:28,346 --> 00:51:30,199 Colonel of the Grenadier Guards... 850 00:51:30,222 --> 00:51:34,559 She barely flinched, concentrating on controlling her frightened horse. 851 00:51:34,583 --> 00:51:37,599 The policemen immediately dived at him, about half a dozen of them. 852 00:51:37,623 --> 00:51:39,998 I think one soldier got involved, at least, 853 00:51:40,023 --> 00:51:41,639 because he lost his bearskin 854 00:51:41,663 --> 00:51:43,878 and had to retrieve it afterwards. 855 00:51:43,902 --> 00:51:47,599 It turned out to be a replica gun firing blanks. 856 00:51:47,623 --> 00:51:50,478 The Queen, who carried on with the parade, 857 00:51:50,503 --> 00:51:54,742 had no idea whether she had just narrowly escaped assassination. 858 00:51:59,663 --> 00:52:03,239 But nothing highlighted her vulnerability and calmness 859 00:52:03,262 --> 00:52:06,838 more than the day in 1982 when she woke up to find 860 00:52:06,862 --> 00:52:10,599 a disturbed, barefoot intruder in her bedroom. 861 00:52:10,623 --> 00:52:16,838 The man, Michael Fagan, had somehow stumbled across the Queen alone 862 00:52:16,862 --> 00:52:19,759 during his second foray into the Palace. 863 00:52:19,782 --> 00:52:22,759 He came in through a place where the alarm kept going off, 864 00:52:22,782 --> 00:52:24,759 so the... 865 00:52:24,782 --> 00:52:28,278 ..policeman in the police lodge says, "Oh, it's that alarm again." 866 00:52:28,302 --> 00:52:29,302 "Switch it off." 867 00:52:30,742 --> 00:52:33,998 The policeman who was on guard at the Queen's door, 868 00:52:34,023 --> 00:52:37,518 and should have been there, had some urgent appointment, 869 00:52:37,543 --> 00:52:40,518 or so he thought, and he knew his colleague was coming on 870 00:52:40,543 --> 00:52:42,983 in a few minutes' time, so he nipped off. 871 00:52:44,422 --> 00:52:48,039 Startled, the Queen was woken up by Fagan, 872 00:52:48,063 --> 00:52:52,063 and after an exchange of words, she managed to leave the room. 873 00:52:54,143 --> 00:52:56,983 The Queen was unharmed and Fagan was apprehended. 874 00:53:02,983 --> 00:53:05,518 This steely character was called upon 875 00:53:05,543 --> 00:53:08,663 at moments of national commemoration and crisis. 876 00:53:10,063 --> 00:53:11,918 She never said very much, 877 00:53:11,943 --> 00:53:14,719 but she was always there to give witness 878 00:53:14,742 --> 00:53:16,679 to what had gone before 879 00:53:16,702 --> 00:53:18,182 and to hear the pain. 880 00:53:19,342 --> 00:53:22,838 What was perhaps underestimated was the personal toll 881 00:53:22,862 --> 00:53:24,222 it took upon her. 882 00:53:26,702 --> 00:53:29,878 When a coal tip collapsed in the Welsh mining village 883 00:53:29,902 --> 00:53:32,358 of Aberfan in 1966, 884 00:53:32,382 --> 00:53:36,239 it engulfed a row of houses and an infant school. 885 00:53:36,262 --> 00:53:41,262 Of 144 people who died, 116 were children. 886 00:53:49,063 --> 00:53:52,239 The Queen waited eight days before visiting - 887 00:53:52,262 --> 00:53:55,023 something she reportedly deeply regretted. 888 00:53:56,583 --> 00:53:59,759 Perhaps that was why she would return to Aberfan 889 00:53:59,782 --> 00:54:01,983 several times during her reign. 890 00:54:03,302 --> 00:54:06,318 And 30 years later, when a gunman ran amok 891 00:54:06,342 --> 00:54:08,438 in the Scottish town of Dunblane, 892 00:54:08,463 --> 00:54:11,039 killing a teacher and 16 schoolchildren, 893 00:54:11,063 --> 00:54:14,063 the Queen knew what was called for. 894 00:54:15,463 --> 00:54:17,918 There we were in Dunblane Cathedral 895 00:54:17,943 --> 00:54:23,318 and the Queen had met the emergency services and the councillors 896 00:54:23,342 --> 00:54:24,998 and various representatives 897 00:54:25,023 --> 00:54:28,679 of the community to commiserate on behalf of the country, 898 00:54:28,702 --> 00:54:31,759 and there had been a moment set aside in the vestry, 899 00:54:31,782 --> 00:54:35,199 a totally private room, with nobody else present, 900 00:54:35,222 --> 00:54:39,239 just the Queen and any parents who were there. 901 00:54:39,262 --> 00:54:43,358 To my astonishment, there were some 20 parents, 902 00:54:43,382 --> 00:54:47,239 including one mother who was so prostrate with grief, 903 00:54:47,262 --> 00:54:48,943 she could not stand. 904 00:54:50,583 --> 00:54:54,438 I remember the Queen putting her handbag deliberately down 905 00:54:54,463 --> 00:54:56,998 and she physically braced herself 906 00:54:57,023 --> 00:54:59,318 before going into the room 907 00:54:59,342 --> 00:55:02,798 because she knew who was in there. 908 00:55:02,822 --> 00:55:05,798 She knew that somehow she was going to have to convey 909 00:55:05,822 --> 00:55:08,079 the sympathy of the nation 910 00:55:08,103 --> 00:55:11,463 and to react as a mother and grandmother. 911 00:55:14,983 --> 00:55:19,398 When terrorist bombs hit London in July 2005, 912 00:55:19,422 --> 00:55:23,358 the Queen expressed what is close to being her personal philosophy - 913 00:55:23,382 --> 00:55:25,878 keep calm and carry on... 914 00:55:25,902 --> 00:55:30,918 I want to express my admiration for the people of our capital city 915 00:55:30,943 --> 00:55:36,119 who, in the aftermath of yesterday's bombings, are calmly determined 916 00:55:36,143 --> 00:55:38,182 to resume their normal lives. 917 00:55:39,623 --> 00:55:42,559 That is the answer to this outrage. 918 00:55:42,583 --> 00:55:44,239 BIG BEN CHIMES 919 00:55:44,264 --> 00:55:45,918 ..making her presence felt 920 00:55:45,943 --> 00:55:49,063 in an uneasy city still alive to the threat. 921 00:55:50,342 --> 00:55:53,159 On the Saturday of that week, 922 00:55:53,182 --> 00:55:57,599 we had a huge parade on Horse Guards. 923 00:55:57,623 --> 00:56:02,278 As part of that parade, the Queen's programme, 924 00:56:02,302 --> 00:56:04,719 which was all set, all agreed, 925 00:56:04,742 --> 00:56:07,478 was that she would go down The Mall 926 00:56:07,503 --> 00:56:10,079 in an open-top Land Rover, 927 00:56:10,103 --> 00:56:15,438 and I remember vividly this immediate reaction 928 00:56:15,463 --> 00:56:20,278 as London was locked down, this question of, 929 00:56:20,302 --> 00:56:22,878 "Well, what on earth do we do about the parade?" 930 00:56:22,902 --> 00:56:28,023 and her instinctive view was the parade goes ahead. 931 00:56:29,543 --> 00:56:35,918 Life was going to go on and she was not going to be cowed by terrorism. 932 00:56:35,943 --> 00:56:38,702 BAND PLAYS 933 00:56:42,943 --> 00:56:47,239 Being seen is essential to the monarchy's survival. 934 00:56:47,262 --> 00:56:50,679 "I have to be seen to be believed," she once said, 935 00:56:50,702 --> 00:56:54,478 and it's been calculated that the Queen personally met 936 00:56:54,503 --> 00:56:56,782 more than three million people. 937 00:56:58,623 --> 00:57:01,719 In the 1970s, she invented the royal walkabout - 938 00:57:01,742 --> 00:57:04,478 a way of meeting as many people as possible - 939 00:57:04,503 --> 00:57:08,063 and it became a signature feature of her reign. 940 00:57:09,623 --> 00:57:12,838 She opened up the doors of the occupied palaces 941 00:57:12,862 --> 00:57:14,239 to paying visitors 942 00:57:14,262 --> 00:57:18,278 and she introduced theme days to promote British culture... 943 00:57:18,302 --> 00:57:20,878 Gosh. To be in Buckingham Palace! 944 00:57:20,902 --> 00:57:26,559 Never in my wildest dreams did I ever feel I would be here. 945 00:57:26,583 --> 00:57:29,103 I wish my wife was here to see it. 946 00:57:31,742 --> 00:57:35,039 ..but behind her public face was a side of her character 947 00:57:35,063 --> 00:57:36,878 known only to the few. 948 00:57:36,902 --> 00:57:38,639 Underneath everything, 949 00:57:38,663 --> 00:57:41,318 she was quite a shy person, 950 00:57:41,342 --> 00:57:45,679 without any sense of sort of ego, 951 00:57:45,702 --> 00:57:47,358 which is extraordinary, 952 00:57:47,382 --> 00:57:51,958 if you think of her life, if you think of her upbringing, 953 00:57:51,983 --> 00:57:54,222 if you think of her role. 954 00:57:58,222 --> 00:58:02,398 I would often see her entering a room, which would fall silent. 955 00:58:02,422 --> 00:58:06,318 People would, as a reaction, fall back, as it were, 956 00:58:06,342 --> 00:58:08,639 creating a space around her. 957 00:58:08,663 --> 00:58:12,702 I think she found that actually very difficult. 958 00:58:14,583 --> 00:58:18,199 Difficult or not, she did it all her life. 959 00:58:18,222 --> 00:58:21,998 Her reward was that the landmark occasions proved her popularity. 960 00:58:22,023 --> 00:58:24,798 For the Golden Jubilee in 2002, 961 00:58:24,822 --> 00:58:27,798 a poor turnout was predicted by the press, 962 00:58:27,822 --> 00:58:31,119 and yet people crowded into central London. 963 00:58:31,143 --> 00:58:32,639 CHEERING 964 00:58:32,663 --> 00:58:35,079 In fact, it was the largest gathering there 965 00:58:35,103 --> 00:58:37,583 since the end of the Second World War. 966 00:58:41,222 --> 00:58:44,679 The year saw her visit Jamaica, New Zealand, Australia, 967 00:58:44,702 --> 00:58:47,838 Canada and 70 British towns and cities, 968 00:58:47,862 --> 00:58:51,079 culminating in the Party at the Palace 969 00:58:51,103 --> 00:58:54,838 to mark the Queen's 50th year on the throne. 970 00:58:54,862 --> 00:58:57,998 National Anthem 971 00:58:58,023 --> 00:59:01,119 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 972 00:59:01,143 --> 00:59:04,639 The Queen was overwhelmed by the enormous outpouring 973 00:59:04,663 --> 00:59:07,918 of public goodwill, and she watched the crowds in The Mall 974 00:59:07,943 --> 00:59:11,503 utterly astonished by how many people had turned up. 975 00:59:13,143 --> 00:59:16,918 But 2002 was a year of mixed blessings, 976 00:59:16,943 --> 00:59:19,902 one that dealt her a double personal blow. 977 00:59:21,902 --> 00:59:25,623 In February, Princess Margaret died at the age of 71. 978 00:59:26,822 --> 00:59:30,278 The Queen's younger sister could hardly have been more different, 979 00:59:30,302 --> 00:59:33,719 known for her glamorous and extrovert nature - 980 00:59:33,742 --> 00:59:38,438 but throughout life, the two had been constant companions. 981 00:59:38,463 --> 00:59:42,318 I have been so touched by the kindness shown 982 00:59:42,342 --> 00:59:46,559 by so many of you over these recent months. 983 00:59:46,583 --> 00:59:51,119 At Easter, the Queen Mother died at the age of 101. 984 00:59:51,143 --> 00:59:54,398 Almost as much of a national character as the Queen herself, 985 00:59:54,422 --> 00:59:57,358 and certainly much more of a personality, 986 00:59:57,382 --> 01:00:00,679 with her cheerful reputation for extravagance 987 01:00:00,702 --> 01:00:04,039 and her wry, sometimes shocking sense of humour, 988 01:00:04,063 --> 01:00:08,382 she had long been a foil to her more serious-minded daughter. 989 01:00:10,182 --> 01:00:13,958 Do you know that I haven't watched from a pair of binoculars for ages. 990 01:00:13,983 --> 01:00:17,159 Look at it. Pouring with tears. Oh, dear! 991 01:00:17,182 --> 01:00:19,639 I always watch on the television. It's the emotion, perhaps. 992 01:00:19,663 --> 01:00:21,438 No, no. I watch on the television. 993 01:00:21,463 --> 01:00:23,878 No, Mummy. If you look into the wind like that. 994 01:00:23,902 --> 01:00:25,382 It's like looking for deer. 995 01:00:29,103 --> 01:00:32,199 After the deaths of the two women closest to her, 996 01:00:32,222 --> 01:00:35,518 the Queen almost inevitably carried on working, 997 01:00:35,543 --> 01:00:38,902 though with a renewed awareness of her place in life. 998 01:00:40,143 --> 01:00:43,543 My grandmother, I'm sure, was a grand influence on my mama. 999 01:00:44,902 --> 01:00:49,318 Whatever she felt, or whenever ill, whenever difficult or exhausted, 1000 01:00:49,342 --> 01:00:52,918 she always went out and did what was required, 1001 01:00:52,943 --> 01:00:56,079 and that does rub off, I think. 1002 01:00:56,103 --> 01:00:59,438 So, of course she was going to go on 1003 01:00:59,463 --> 01:01:02,478 because there's something... 1004 01:01:02,503 --> 01:01:06,278 ..you know, wider and greater that has to be... 1005 01:01:06,302 --> 01:01:07,902 ..has to be taken care of. 1006 01:01:11,103 --> 01:01:13,023 Her reach was far and wide. 1007 01:01:15,983 --> 01:01:19,398 She was the first British monarch to set foot in Russia 1008 01:01:19,422 --> 01:01:22,103 since the days of Tsar Nicholas II... 1009 01:01:24,583 --> 01:01:27,239 ..the first ever to visit China 1010 01:01:27,262 --> 01:01:30,503 and to officially receive a Pope on a state visit. 1011 01:01:33,583 --> 01:01:36,518 And in 2011, the Queen became the first British monarch 1012 01:01:36,543 --> 01:01:38,958 to set foot in the Republic of Ireland. 1013 01:01:38,983 --> 01:01:42,918 100 years earlier, her grandfather, King George V, visited 1014 01:01:42,943 --> 01:01:45,878 when this soil was unified with Britain - 1015 01:01:45,902 --> 01:01:48,918 but this was the Queen in green, 1016 01:01:48,943 --> 01:01:52,702 the Irish-speaking mistress of tact. 1017 01:02:01,342 --> 01:02:04,719 A Uachtarain 1018 01:02:04,742 --> 01:02:07,599 agus a chairde. 1019 01:02:07,623 --> 01:02:09,679 When the Queen stood up and made that speech, 1020 01:02:09,702 --> 01:02:13,239 the first words of which were in Gaelic, 1021 01:02:13,262 --> 01:02:16,918 it just melted the entire country 1022 01:02:16,943 --> 01:02:18,958 with huge affection for her. 1023 01:02:18,983 --> 01:02:23,278 APPLAUSE The fact that she was in Ireland, 1024 01:02:23,302 --> 01:02:28,278 in the Republic, and given such a great reception, 1025 01:02:28,302 --> 01:02:31,518 and there she was, the embodiment of everything 1026 01:02:31,543 --> 01:02:33,438 that going back half a century, 1027 01:02:33,463 --> 01:02:35,958 going back to the time when she first began to reign, 1028 01:02:35,983 --> 01:02:39,358 would have been thought of as impossible. 1029 01:02:39,382 --> 01:02:41,998 To all those who have suffered as a consequence 1030 01:02:42,023 --> 01:02:43,958 of our troubled past, 1031 01:02:43,983 --> 01:02:48,079 I extend my sincere thoughts and deep sympathy. 1032 01:02:48,103 --> 01:02:51,878 That whole visit and the dignity with which she did everything 1033 01:02:51,902 --> 01:02:54,478 and the visit to Croke Park and the war memorials 1034 01:02:54,503 --> 01:02:56,143 was immensely powerful. 1035 01:03:02,862 --> 01:03:07,079 Coming, you know, at the end of so many years and after so much hurt 1036 01:03:07,103 --> 01:03:11,998 and pain was a wonderfully healing, 1037 01:03:12,023 --> 01:03:17,119 reconciling moment, which I think... 1038 01:03:17,143 --> 01:03:21,902 ..had a profound effect and has made a fantastic difference. 1039 01:03:23,023 --> 01:03:26,518 Looking further afield, her most important international role 1040 01:03:26,543 --> 01:03:28,599 was clearly head of the Commonwealth, 1041 01:03:28,623 --> 01:03:32,599 embracing a third of the world's population. 1042 01:03:32,623 --> 01:03:37,518 Being head of the Commonwealth, she is head of a worldwide 1043 01:03:37,543 --> 01:03:41,759 multiracial organisation that brings people of different races, 1044 01:03:41,782 --> 01:03:46,478 religions, backgrounds, cultural dispositions together. 1045 01:03:46,503 --> 01:03:52,559 We have 2.4 billion people, 60% of whom are under the age of 30, 1046 01:03:52,583 --> 01:03:56,039 all of whom come from different economic backgrounds, 1047 01:03:56,063 --> 01:04:00,478 and because she's known so many of the leaders throughout 1048 01:04:00,503 --> 01:04:04,318 that period, she's brought wisdom and judgment 1049 01:04:04,342 --> 01:04:06,679 and a historical perspective 1050 01:04:06,702 --> 01:04:09,182 that I think no-one else has been able to give. 1051 01:04:10,302 --> 01:04:12,559 I think as a head of the Commonwealth, 1052 01:04:12,583 --> 01:04:14,878 she has given inspiration, 1053 01:04:14,902 --> 01:04:16,798 she has given encouragement.. 1054 01:04:16,822 --> 01:04:20,759 She came to my country, Port of Spain, when we hosted CHOGM in 2009. 1055 01:04:20,782 --> 01:04:22,398 She was in Port of Spain then, 1056 01:04:22,422 --> 01:04:24,918 and she's gone to any part of the Commonwealth. 1057 01:04:24,943 --> 01:04:26,039 Thank you very much. 1058 01:04:26,063 --> 01:04:29,719 The Queen will always be remembered as the person 1059 01:04:29,742 --> 01:04:33,358 who gave the continuity to the Commonwealth 1060 01:04:33,382 --> 01:04:35,719 through all of the decades 1061 01:04:35,742 --> 01:04:37,599 when she was the leader of it. 1062 01:04:37,623 --> 01:04:42,039 It's something which can never be replicated, I think, in history, 1063 01:04:42,063 --> 01:04:43,983 in any other organisation. 1064 01:04:45,143 --> 01:04:49,798 Where else have you got a person who's been meeting a 36-year-old 1065 01:04:49,822 --> 01:04:54,878 Prime Minister from Dominica, and the same person was sitting 1066 01:04:54,902 --> 01:04:59,398 alongside Nehru and Menzies and Churchill? 1067 01:04:59,422 --> 01:05:04,918 So, the combination of that longevity and wisdom 1068 01:05:04,943 --> 01:05:11,559 has meant that people have been able to ask her about tricky situations 1069 01:05:11,583 --> 01:05:14,623 because she's been through so many of them. 1070 01:05:15,822 --> 01:05:20,278 The last decades of the Queen's reign saw her as a revered mother, 1071 01:05:20,302 --> 01:05:23,182 grandmother and great-grandmother. 1072 01:05:24,782 --> 01:05:28,463 This was a period of gradual, careful modernisation. 1073 01:05:29,623 --> 01:05:34,838 One potential future problem for the monarchy melted away in 2005 1074 01:05:34,862 --> 01:05:37,798 when she gave her blessing for the wedding of Prince Charles 1075 01:05:37,822 --> 01:05:40,639 to the divorcee Camilla Parker Bowles. 1076 01:05:40,663 --> 01:05:41,780 CHEERING 1077 01:05:41,804 --> 01:05:42,918 Here he is, 1078 01:05:42,943 --> 01:05:44,639 His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales, 1079 01:05:44,663 --> 01:05:47,742 and Her Royal Highness, the Duchess of Cornwall. 1080 01:05:49,382 --> 01:05:50,918 The years that followed 1081 01:05:50,943 --> 01:05:53,958 saw the newly titled Duke and Duchess of Cornwall 1082 01:05:53,983 --> 01:05:55,998 take on more of the engagements 1083 01:05:56,023 --> 01:05:58,518 traditionally associated with a now more elderly Queen, 1084 01:05:58,543 --> 01:06:01,838 including visits to many of the more distant countries 1085 01:06:01,862 --> 01:06:03,878 and shouldering more responsibility 1086 01:06:03,902 --> 01:06:05,663 at Commonwealth summits. 1087 01:06:06,983 --> 01:06:11,358 I've watched as my mama has carried out 1088 01:06:11,382 --> 01:06:14,039 all these Commonwealth duties for a long time. 1089 01:06:14,063 --> 01:06:17,039 It must be quite difficult for her not going. 1090 01:06:17,063 --> 01:06:20,398 I learnt a lot from it 1091 01:06:20,422 --> 01:06:23,119 and tried, I hope, to fulfil it in a way 1092 01:06:23,143 --> 01:06:26,422 that she might have been quite proud of, I don't know. 1093 01:06:27,623 --> 01:06:31,958 And the next generation continued to move centre stage. 1094 01:06:31,983 --> 01:06:34,159 We love William! We love Kate! 1095 01:06:34,182 --> 01:06:37,039 We love William! We love Kate! 1096 01:06:37,063 --> 01:06:39,239 When the Queen's grandson Prince William 1097 01:06:39,262 --> 01:06:40,878 married Catherine Middleton, 1098 01:06:40,902 --> 01:06:45,342 it was a spectacular example of modernity mixed with tradition. 1099 01:06:46,742 --> 01:06:49,719 Flags and foliage inside Westminster Abbey, 1100 01:06:49,742 --> 01:06:53,422 more than half a century on from the Queen's own wedding there. 1101 01:06:56,543 --> 01:07:00,199 By welcoming such an authentically modern middle-class recruit 1102 01:07:00,222 --> 01:07:03,798 in Catherine, the Queen continued the long-term strategy 1103 01:07:03,822 --> 01:07:06,278 of constantly restitching the monarchy 1104 01:07:06,302 --> 01:07:09,503 into the changing social fabric of the country. 1105 01:07:14,583 --> 01:07:15,878 Hip, hip! 1106 01:07:15,902 --> 01:07:16,918 Hooray! 1107 01:07:16,943 --> 01:07:17,958 Hip, hip! 1108 01:07:17,983 --> 01:07:19,639 Hooray! 1109 01:07:19,663 --> 01:07:20,679 Hip, hip! 1110 01:07:20,702 --> 01:07:22,679 Hooray! 1111 01:07:22,702 --> 01:07:26,103 In 2012, the Queen reached a historic milestone. 1112 01:07:28,262 --> 01:07:32,239 The only other British monarch to have reached 60 years on the throne 1113 01:07:32,262 --> 01:07:33,943 had been Queen Victoria. 1114 01:07:36,583 --> 01:07:38,759 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 1115 01:07:38,782 --> 01:07:40,023 Your Majesty... 1116 01:07:41,543 --> 01:07:44,838 ..Mummy... 1117 01:07:44,862 --> 01:07:49,398 ..this is our opportunity to thank you and my father 1118 01:07:49,422 --> 01:07:52,318 for always being there for us, 1119 01:07:52,342 --> 01:07:57,239 for inspiring us with your selfless duty and service, 1120 01:07:57,262 --> 01:08:00,998 and for making us proud to be British. 1121 01:08:01,023 --> 01:08:04,143 National Anthem 1122 01:08:10,583 --> 01:08:14,759 The Diamond Jubilee year also brought evidence of a sense of fun, 1123 01:08:14,782 --> 01:08:20,078 and buttoned lip, with the opening of the 2012 London Olympics. 1124 01:08:20,103 --> 01:08:25,238 During the opening ceremony of the Olympic Games in London, 1125 01:08:25,262 --> 01:08:29,703 there was Daniel Craig as James Bond arriving at Buckingham Palace... 1126 01:08:31,262 --> 01:08:33,279 ..and everybody looking, going, 1127 01:08:33,302 --> 01:08:35,639 "Oh, so he IS going to Buckingham Palace. 1128 01:08:35,662 --> 01:08:38,143 "Who's he going...? Is he going to meet the Queen?" 1129 01:08:40,542 --> 01:08:43,399 And as it went further on, "He IS going to..." 1130 01:08:43,422 --> 01:08:45,479 Mr Bond, Your Majesty. 1131 01:08:45,502 --> 01:08:48,679 And everybody, wherever you were in the world, 1132 01:08:48,703 --> 01:08:50,743 was thinking exactly the same thought... 1133 01:08:53,582 --> 01:08:55,182 ..who will be playing the Queen? 1134 01:08:56,422 --> 01:08:57,943 HE CLEARS HIS THROAT 1135 01:09:00,023 --> 01:09:01,622 Good evening, Mr Bond. 1136 01:09:02,863 --> 01:09:04,878 Good evening, Your Majesty. 1137 01:09:04,903 --> 01:09:08,262 Music For The Royal Fireworks, La Rejouissance by Handel 1138 01:09:23,502 --> 01:09:24,918 CORGIS WHINE 1139 01:09:24,943 --> 01:09:29,719 And it had the same effect on everybody who was watching. 1140 01:09:29,743 --> 01:09:31,759 They just couldn't believe it. 1141 01:09:31,783 --> 01:09:34,103 James Bond Theme 1142 01:09:39,903 --> 01:09:43,998 The fact that my mother kept that completely to herself 1143 01:09:44,023 --> 01:09:46,958 and the team that were there and didn't tell anybody 1144 01:09:46,983 --> 01:09:48,542 was just brilliant. 1145 01:09:50,462 --> 01:09:53,238 Her Majesty the Queen in this Diamond Jubilee year 1146 01:09:53,262 --> 01:09:56,143 proving that she certainly has a sense of humour... 1147 01:09:57,302 --> 01:09:59,479 ..and preparing to open these Games 1148 01:09:59,502 --> 01:10:02,359 as her father, King George VI, did back in 1948, 1149 01:10:02,382 --> 01:10:06,063 and her great-grandfather, Edward VII, in 1908. 1150 01:10:08,422 --> 01:10:10,359 While upholding tradition, 1151 01:10:10,382 --> 01:10:12,279 she clearly wasn't constrained by it, 1152 01:10:12,302 --> 01:10:15,279 and was always willing to welcome change. 1153 01:10:15,302 --> 01:10:19,759 In 2018, there were smiles all round as the Queen's grandson 1154 01:10:19,783 --> 01:10:22,319 Prince Harry married Meghan Markle - 1155 01:10:22,342 --> 01:10:25,422 American, divorced and of mixed race. 1156 01:10:28,302 --> 01:10:29,998 Harry and Meghan's wedding, I think, 1157 01:10:30,023 --> 01:10:32,198 can be summed up as the ultimate fairy tale. 1158 01:10:32,222 --> 01:10:35,319 There was jubilation that a very popular prince 1159 01:10:35,342 --> 01:10:37,103 had finally found the one. 1160 01:10:38,262 --> 01:10:39,679 The sun was shining. 1161 01:10:39,703 --> 01:10:43,759 There was the glorious nature of the carriage ride down The Long Walk, 1162 01:10:43,783 --> 01:10:45,958 which was hugely iconic, 1163 01:10:45,983 --> 01:10:48,918 but also this idea of a new beginning. 1164 01:10:48,943 --> 01:10:50,838 This was the first mixed-race woman 1165 01:10:50,863 --> 01:10:52,958 to marry into the British royal family. 1166 01:10:52,983 --> 01:10:56,439 You know, they had hopes and ambitions and dreams 1167 01:10:56,462 --> 01:10:58,998 and people talked about how this brought the royal family 1168 01:10:59,023 --> 01:11:00,998 more into the 21st century. 1169 01:11:01,023 --> 01:11:03,519 It was definitely ground-breaking 1170 01:11:03,542 --> 01:11:06,502 and it was just a really, really joyous day. 1171 01:11:10,103 --> 01:11:13,639 Her own marriage gave the Queen great joy - 1172 01:11:13,662 --> 01:11:16,238 for 73 years married to Prince Philip, 1173 01:11:16,262 --> 01:11:17,838 the Duke of Edinburgh, 1174 01:11:17,863 --> 01:11:20,703 with most of her life defined by that union. 1175 01:11:23,182 --> 01:11:26,679 The Queen has said very often throughout her reign, 1176 01:11:26,703 --> 01:11:29,918 Prince Philip was an enormous part of her life 1177 01:11:29,943 --> 01:11:33,559 and an unbelievable part of the success of her reign. 1178 01:11:33,582 --> 01:11:35,622 He was her strength and stay. 1179 01:11:36,943 --> 01:11:39,319 I don't think that she could have possibly done the job 1180 01:11:39,342 --> 01:11:43,279 that she did for all those years 1181 01:11:43,302 --> 01:11:44,823 without him by her side. 1182 01:11:46,823 --> 01:11:49,679 Elizabeth II became queen in her 20s 1183 01:11:49,703 --> 01:11:53,863 and lived to become the longest-reigning British monarch. 1184 01:11:55,823 --> 01:11:59,759 She understood very well her unique situation. 1185 01:11:59,783 --> 01:12:03,719 She taught herself ways of handling herself in public, 1186 01:12:03,743 --> 01:12:06,238 and she stuck to them. 1187 01:12:06,262 --> 01:12:08,998 But who knew her thoughts? 1188 01:12:09,023 --> 01:12:13,798 A rare occasion when her private voice was heard was in Elizabeth R, 1189 01:12:13,823 --> 01:12:18,078 a BBC film marking her 40th year on the throne. 1190 01:12:18,103 --> 01:12:20,798 Most people have a job and then they go home. 1191 01:12:20,823 --> 01:12:25,198 In this existence, the job and the life go on together 1192 01:12:25,222 --> 01:12:28,063 because you can't really divide it up. 1193 01:12:30,063 --> 01:12:32,599 I mean, luckily, I'm a quick reader, 1194 01:12:32,622 --> 01:12:36,998 so I can get through a lot of reading in quite a short time. 1195 01:12:37,023 --> 01:12:43,639 Though I do rather begrudge some of the hours that I have to do 1196 01:12:43,662 --> 01:12:45,422 instead of being outdoors. 1197 01:12:48,222 --> 01:12:52,439 And in 2018, she shared her memories of wearing the crown 1198 01:12:52,462 --> 01:12:53,943 at the Coronation. 1199 01:12:55,103 --> 01:12:57,983 Heavy? Well, I think it's three pounds or something. 1200 01:13:00,462 --> 01:13:04,063 Quite heavy. Comfortable, ma'am? No. 1201 01:13:06,422 --> 01:13:09,023 Nothing like that is comfortable. 1202 01:13:11,023 --> 01:13:14,519 A little after that, she allowed herself to be filmed 1203 01:13:14,542 --> 01:13:17,038 strolling through the gardens of Buckingham Palace 1204 01:13:17,063 --> 01:13:18,599 with her fellow nonagenarian, 1205 01:13:18,622 --> 01:13:20,078 Sir David Attenborough. 1206 01:13:20,103 --> 01:13:23,918 All the countries of the Commonwealth... Have agreed. 1207 01:13:23,943 --> 01:13:28,759 ..to allocate parts of their native forests... Yeah. 1208 01:13:28,783 --> 01:13:32,838 ..for conservation. And it's called the Queen's Canopy. 1209 01:13:32,863 --> 01:13:35,599 Well, that'll be marvellous. 1210 01:13:35,622 --> 01:13:37,622 A wonderful legacy. 1211 01:13:39,703 --> 01:13:45,158 She did it so marvellously that it was a conversational exchange. 1212 01:13:45,182 --> 01:13:48,878 I was going to say, a sundial neatly planted in the shade. 1213 01:13:48,903 --> 01:13:50,559 Isn't it good? Yes. 1214 01:13:50,582 --> 01:13:52,958 HE LAUGHS 1215 01:13:52,983 --> 01:13:56,078 Amazed to hear myself saying 1216 01:13:56,103 --> 01:13:59,479 I thought the sundial was perhaps not well placed, 1217 01:13:59,502 --> 01:14:02,599 bearing in mind it was under the shade of a tree. 1218 01:14:02,622 --> 01:14:05,279 That's pretty cheeky, really. 1219 01:14:05,302 --> 01:14:07,679 But she laughed. 1220 01:14:07,703 --> 01:14:12,078 Had we thought of that, that it was planted in the shade? 1221 01:14:12,103 --> 01:14:15,798 It wasn't in the shade originally, I'm sure, but... 1222 01:14:15,823 --> 01:14:17,279 HE LAUGHS 1223 01:14:17,302 --> 01:14:18,983 ..maybe we could move it. 1224 01:14:20,703 --> 01:14:24,759 The final years were a masterclass in dedication to duty. 1225 01:14:24,783 --> 01:14:26,918 No matter what occurred, 1226 01:14:26,943 --> 01:14:32,038 the Queen maintained her diplomatic composure throughout public crisis 1227 01:14:32,063 --> 01:14:34,502 and difficulties closer to home. 1228 01:14:35,943 --> 01:14:39,038 Good evening. Prince Andrew, who's been engulfed in controversy, 1229 01:14:39,063 --> 01:14:42,559 has announced that he will not undertake any royal duties 1230 01:14:42,582 --> 01:14:44,399 for the foreseeable future. 1231 01:14:44,422 --> 01:14:48,038 In 2019, the Queen's second son, the Duke of York, 1232 01:14:48,063 --> 01:14:50,038 stepped back from public duties 1233 01:14:50,063 --> 01:14:53,118 over serious allegations about his private life, 1234 01:14:53,143 --> 01:14:55,439 which caused what he described as 1235 01:14:55,462 --> 01:14:58,143 "a major disruption to my family's work". 1236 01:14:59,342 --> 01:15:00,899 CHEERING 1237 01:15:00,923 --> 01:15:02,479 In January, 2020, 1238 01:15:02,502 --> 01:15:05,439 the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Harry and Meghan, 1239 01:15:05,462 --> 01:15:09,519 announced their sudden departure from life as senior royals 1240 01:15:09,542 --> 01:15:12,262 to forge a new future in North America. 1241 01:15:13,342 --> 01:15:15,759 They are going with the best wishes of the Queen. 1242 01:15:15,783 --> 01:15:18,279 In a statement from Buckingham Palace, she said... 1243 01:15:18,302 --> 01:15:21,599 "Harry, Meghan and Archie will always be much-loved members" 1244 01:15:21,622 --> 01:15:23,359 "of my family." 1245 01:15:23,382 --> 01:15:27,238 She went on, "I recognise the challenges they have experienced" 1246 01:15:27,262 --> 01:15:30,158 "as a result of intense scrutiny over the last two years" 1247 01:15:30,182 --> 01:15:33,422 "and support their wish for a more independent life." 1248 01:15:38,222 --> 01:15:41,958 But the greatest challenge of 2020 - to the whole world - 1249 01:15:41,983 --> 01:15:44,863 came with the deadly coronavirus pandemic... 1250 01:15:46,182 --> 01:15:48,903 ..which forced populations into lockdown. 1251 01:15:50,582 --> 01:15:54,399 The Queen herself was placed into quarantine at Windsor Castle 1252 01:15:54,422 --> 01:15:57,158 from where she addressed a fearful nation. 1253 01:15:57,182 --> 01:16:03,238 I'm speaking to you at what I know is an increasingly challenging time, 1254 01:16:03,262 --> 01:16:06,998 a time of disruption in the life of our country, 1255 01:16:07,023 --> 01:16:10,118 a disruption that has brought grief to some, 1256 01:16:10,143 --> 01:16:12,998 financial difficulties to many, 1257 01:16:13,023 --> 01:16:17,238 and enormous changes to the daily lives of us all. 1258 01:16:17,262 --> 01:16:19,838 When there were difficult times, 1259 01:16:19,863 --> 01:16:21,719 she was incredibly important 1260 01:16:21,743 --> 01:16:26,359 and perhaps never more so in recent times than during Covid. 1261 01:16:26,382 --> 01:16:31,118 She was able to reach people in a way that no politician 1262 01:16:31,143 --> 01:16:33,359 could have hoped to do. 1263 01:16:33,382 --> 01:16:38,279 A lot of the bringing of the nation together was through her. 1264 01:16:38,302 --> 01:16:43,078 We should take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, 1265 01:16:43,103 --> 01:16:45,639 better days will return. 1266 01:16:45,662 --> 01:16:48,359 We will be with our friends again. 1267 01:16:48,382 --> 01:16:51,158 We will be with our families again. 1268 01:16:51,182 --> 01:16:52,838 We will meet again. 1269 01:16:56,903 --> 01:17:00,639 It was a rallying call invoking the wartime spirit... 1270 01:17:02,783 --> 01:17:06,439 ..and just weeks later, with all public events cancelled, 1271 01:17:06,462 --> 01:17:10,038 the Queen marked the 75th anniversary of Victory in Europe 1272 01:17:10,063 --> 01:17:14,359 with another address drawing parallels between the two events. 1273 01:17:14,382 --> 01:17:16,743 BELL CHIMES 1274 01:17:18,943 --> 01:17:22,918 I speak to you today at the same hour as my father did 1275 01:17:22,943 --> 01:17:26,519 exactly 75 years ago. 1276 01:17:26,542 --> 01:17:31,118 His message then was a salute to the men and women at home and abroad 1277 01:17:31,143 --> 01:17:33,359 who had sacrificed so much 1278 01:17:33,382 --> 01:17:37,422 in pursuit of what he rightly called a great deliverance. 1279 01:17:39,462 --> 01:17:42,158 The war had been a total war. 1280 01:17:42,182 --> 01:17:46,783 It had affected everyone and no-one was immune from its impact. 1281 01:17:48,182 --> 01:17:50,399 Never give up, never despair - 1282 01:17:50,422 --> 01:17:52,878 that was the message of VE Day. 1283 01:17:52,903 --> 01:17:55,439 "Never give up, never despair" 1284 01:17:55,462 --> 01:17:59,319 could be described as a theme of the Queen's reign. 1285 01:17:59,342 --> 01:18:03,279 In June 2020, her official birthday ceremony, Trooping the Colour, 1286 01:18:03,302 --> 01:18:08,639 saw a pared down, socially-distanced affair in Windsor, not in London. 1287 01:18:08,662 --> 01:18:11,262 Right... turn! 1288 01:18:14,943 --> 01:18:17,639 Coping with relentless imposed changes 1289 01:18:17,662 --> 01:18:20,878 while keeping the spirit of tradition visible - 1290 01:18:20,903 --> 01:18:22,958 that was the Queen's task 1291 01:18:22,983 --> 01:18:26,703 through 70 years of shifts in society and technology... 1292 01:18:29,662 --> 01:18:33,262 ..something she reflected upon annually at Christmas. 1293 01:18:34,582 --> 01:18:36,599 Today is another landmark 1294 01:18:36,622 --> 01:18:39,679 because television has made it possible 1295 01:18:39,703 --> 01:18:43,479 for many of you to see me in your homes on Christmas Day. 1296 01:18:43,502 --> 01:18:48,439 These techniques of radio and television are modern, 1297 01:18:48,462 --> 01:18:50,719 but the Christmas message is timeless. 1298 01:18:50,743 --> 01:18:52,238 We need reminding of it... 1299 01:18:52,262 --> 01:18:55,599 This was the Queen on matters closest to her heart - 1300 01:18:55,622 --> 01:18:59,262 the Commonwealth, the military, religion and family. 1301 01:19:00,422 --> 01:19:05,359 Of course, for many, this time of year will be tinged with sadness, 1302 01:19:05,382 --> 01:19:09,399 some mourning the loss of those dear to them 1303 01:19:09,422 --> 01:19:14,319 and others missing friends and family members distanced for safety, 1304 01:19:14,342 --> 01:19:17,559 when all they really want for Christmas is a simple hug 1305 01:19:17,582 --> 01:19:19,559 or a squeeze of the hand. 1306 01:19:19,582 --> 01:19:24,878 And shortly afterwards, the Queen would experience her own loss. 1307 01:19:24,903 --> 01:19:28,359 In February, the Duke of Edinburgh was hospitalised, 1308 01:19:28,382 --> 01:19:32,182 not because of Covid, but for longer-term issues. 1309 01:19:34,743 --> 01:19:40,143 After a month, he returned home for what became his final weeks. 1310 01:19:42,622 --> 01:19:47,918 He died peacefully at Windsor on April 9th 2021, 1311 01:19:47,943 --> 01:19:50,103 aged 99. 1312 01:19:53,863 --> 01:19:57,279 The ceremonial royal funeral at Windsor Castle 1313 01:19:57,302 --> 01:20:00,918 was modified due to government restrictions. 1314 01:20:00,943 --> 01:20:05,342 Present... arms! 1315 01:20:06,983 --> 01:20:11,703 Nonetheless, it had military at its heart, as the Duke had wanted. 1316 01:20:14,342 --> 01:20:17,823 It was as unique a farewell as the man himself. 1317 01:20:19,182 --> 01:20:22,342 Forward... march! 1318 01:20:25,502 --> 01:20:27,783 BAND PLAYS AND BELL TOLLS 1319 01:20:28,983 --> 01:20:31,198 Despite the pomp and ceremony, 1320 01:20:31,222 --> 01:20:33,838 only 30 people were allowed to attend 1321 01:20:33,863 --> 01:20:35,222 the service itself... 1322 01:20:37,743 --> 01:20:40,103 ..all of them socially distanced... 1323 01:20:41,542 --> 01:20:46,519 ..leaving the enduring image of the masked monarch alone, 1324 01:20:46,542 --> 01:20:48,502 grieving the death of her husband. 1325 01:20:50,703 --> 01:20:53,719 For the first time since coming to the throne, 1326 01:20:53,743 --> 01:20:57,182 the Queen would reign without her consort... 1327 01:20:59,143 --> 01:21:02,198 ..and after a period of official mourning, 1328 01:21:02,222 --> 01:21:04,998 she was straight back to work. 1329 01:21:05,023 --> 01:21:07,502 FANFARE 1330 01:21:08,983 --> 01:21:11,182 My Lords, pray, be seated. 1331 01:21:12,903 --> 01:21:15,639 The Queen continued to lead the nation, 1332 01:21:15,662 --> 01:21:18,439 I think we would all now say, 1333 01:21:18,462 --> 01:21:24,198 with an affection and respect for her 1334 01:21:24,222 --> 01:21:26,198 that grew and developed. 1335 01:21:26,222 --> 01:21:27,878 She didn't get left behind. 1336 01:21:27,903 --> 01:21:32,198 As the world endured a second year of pandemic, 1337 01:21:32,222 --> 01:21:35,878 the Queen carried on fulfilling engagements... 1338 01:21:35,903 --> 01:21:38,222 ..although not always in person. 1339 01:21:39,943 --> 01:21:41,279 Good morning, Your Majesty. 1340 01:21:41,302 --> 01:21:42,399 Your Majesty. 1341 01:21:42,422 --> 01:21:43,559 Good evening. 1342 01:21:43,582 --> 01:21:44,918 Ah! There you are. 1343 01:21:44,943 --> 01:21:48,998 It's a great honour for the Armed Forces that you've taken the time 1344 01:21:49,023 --> 01:21:52,359 to meet some of our people serving around the world. 1345 01:21:52,382 --> 01:21:56,118 She was able to still do and still have conversations 1346 01:21:56,143 --> 01:21:59,719 that she would have had if she had been physically visiting places... 1347 01:21:59,743 --> 01:22:02,479 I'm currently in Curacao at the moment, ma'am. 1348 01:22:02,502 --> 01:22:05,838 We've gone past Montserrat, the British Virgin Islands, 1349 01:22:05,863 --> 01:22:09,519 and it's been absolutely incredible seeing all these different places. 1350 01:22:09,542 --> 01:22:12,878 Well, I'm very glad to have been able to meet all of you, 1351 01:22:12,903 --> 01:22:15,158 and the best of luck. 1352 01:22:15,182 --> 01:22:17,639 ..and I think that was really important to people 1353 01:22:17,662 --> 01:22:19,399 that she was still there for them. 1354 01:22:19,422 --> 01:22:20,958 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 1355 01:22:20,983 --> 01:22:24,238 The Queen's enthusiastic connection with the people 1356 01:22:24,262 --> 01:22:27,103 was clearer than ever at her Platinum Jubilee. 1357 01:22:29,222 --> 01:22:31,519 As she appeared on the Buckingham Palace balcony, 1358 01:22:31,542 --> 01:22:36,023 it was the climax of a spectacular four-day summer celebration. 1359 01:22:37,743 --> 01:22:41,439 This was quite a feat, unmatched by any other British monarch - 1360 01:22:41,462 --> 01:22:43,222 70 uninterrupted years. 1361 01:22:47,502 --> 01:22:51,238 Her decline in health meant the Queen was largely absent 1362 01:22:51,262 --> 01:22:55,662 from Jubilee events, so it was her family who took centre stage. 1363 01:22:57,182 --> 01:23:01,479 Never the slightest doubt, however, who remained the central focus... 1364 01:23:01,502 --> 01:23:03,238 CHEERING 1365 01:23:03,262 --> 01:23:07,158 ..and the 96-year-old had lost none of her sense of humour 1366 01:23:07,182 --> 01:23:09,262 or capacity to surprise. 1367 01:23:11,703 --> 01:23:13,519 Perhaps... 1368 01:23:13,542 --> 01:23:16,078 ..you would like a marmalade sandwich? 1369 01:23:16,103 --> 01:23:18,479 I always keep one for emergencies. 1370 01:23:18,502 --> 01:23:19,863 So do I. 1371 01:23:21,662 --> 01:23:23,662 I keep mine in here... 1372 01:23:24,823 --> 01:23:26,023 Oh! 1373 01:23:27,222 --> 01:23:28,302 ..for later. 1374 01:23:29,502 --> 01:23:31,719 Summing up the remarkable mood, 1375 01:23:31,743 --> 01:23:34,903 her son Charles made a warm personal tribute. 1376 01:23:37,182 --> 01:23:40,519 Now, ladies and gentlemen, I know the Queen is watching 1377 01:23:40,542 --> 01:23:44,118 these celebrations with much emotion, 1378 01:23:44,143 --> 01:23:47,838 having, I hope, finished her marmalade sandwich... 1379 01:23:47,863 --> 01:23:50,038 LAUGHTER 1380 01:23:50,063 --> 01:23:52,479 ..including immense regret 1381 01:23:52,502 --> 01:23:56,838 that she cannot be here in person with us this evening. 1382 01:23:56,863 --> 01:24:02,439 But Windsor Castle is barely 20 miles away, 1383 01:24:02,462 --> 01:24:09,198 so if we cheer loudly enough, she might - might - just hear us. 1384 01:24:09,222 --> 01:24:13,679 So, let's all join together... CHEERING 1385 01:24:13,703 --> 01:24:16,983 CHEERING AND APPLAUSE 1386 01:24:28,863 --> 01:24:30,479 As an individual, 1387 01:24:30,502 --> 01:24:32,903 she wrote her own job description. 1388 01:24:34,903 --> 01:24:36,559 As Queen Elizabeth II, 1389 01:24:36,582 --> 01:24:40,143 she held the survival of the monarchy in her hands. 1390 01:24:43,863 --> 01:24:47,222 In a world which has changed beyond recognition... 1391 01:24:49,542 --> 01:24:51,023 ..she was always there. 1392 01:24:55,823 --> 01:24:58,143 The Queen is dead. 1393 01:25:02,823 --> 01:25:06,719 But in the most direct way, she lives on. 1394 01:25:06,743 --> 01:25:09,359 She leaves her children, 1395 01:25:09,382 --> 01:25:11,158 grandchildren, 1396 01:25:11,182 --> 01:25:13,103 great-grandchildren. 1397 01:25:14,903 --> 01:25:17,662 And this is a less remote royal family... 1398 01:25:19,542 --> 01:25:21,983 ..who now face the journey without her... 1399 01:25:23,302 --> 01:25:24,743 ..into unknown waters. 1400 01:25:27,063 --> 01:25:30,639 And the future of the House of Windsor lies in their hands 1401 01:25:30,662 --> 01:25:32,103 and their judgments... 1402 01:25:34,863 --> 01:25:37,582 ..and, of course, in ours too. 1403 01:25:44,182 --> 01:25:47,599 In the end, the Queen's strength as a constitutional monarch 1404 01:25:47,622 --> 01:25:51,439 was fundamentally strength of character. 1405 01:25:51,462 --> 01:25:56,743 In an age of self-gratification, she never forgot her duty. 1406 01:26:04,943 --> 01:26:07,759 She didn't take herself too seriously, 1407 01:26:07,783 --> 01:26:11,958 but she took her role very seriously indeed. 1408 01:26:11,983 --> 01:26:15,238 She wasn't like anyone else, 1409 01:26:15,262 --> 01:26:17,038 and she knew it - 1410 01:26:17,063 --> 01:26:18,878 we knew it - 1411 01:26:18,903 --> 01:26:22,743 and there will never be anyone else like her again. 1412 01:26:27,582 --> 01:26:30,759 If we said "the Queen", everyone knew we were talking 1413 01:26:30,783 --> 01:26:34,479 about Queen Elizabeth II, 1414 01:26:34,502 --> 01:26:38,158 and I think she'll always be the Queen, 1415 01:26:38,182 --> 01:26:42,838 the best, I think, that this world has to offer. 1416 01:26:42,863 --> 01:26:47,519 She had this kind of talismanic, 1417 01:26:47,542 --> 01:26:50,559 magnetic ability to make people 1418 01:26:50,582 --> 01:26:52,319 feel better about themselves 1419 01:26:52,342 --> 01:26:58,319 and people came away from being with her... 1420 01:26:58,342 --> 01:27:00,319 ..chuffed to bits. 1421 01:27:00,342 --> 01:27:03,399 I think she genuinely was also 1422 01:27:03,422 --> 01:27:08,078 an immensely happy and positive person 1423 01:27:08,103 --> 01:27:11,422 and that communicated itself to everyone. 1424 01:27:14,703 --> 01:27:20,958 In her time as Queen, we moved from imperial decline 1425 01:27:20,983 --> 01:27:23,703 and leaving empire... 1426 01:27:25,422 --> 01:27:29,798 ..to the kind of country we are now - 1427 01:27:29,823 --> 01:27:32,639 and the Queen has led through that. 1428 01:27:32,662 --> 01:27:37,719 That is an often unmentioned but extraordinary, 1429 01:27:37,743 --> 01:27:40,063 remarkable achievement. 1430 01:27:43,342 --> 01:27:45,639 I think it was her sense of duty. 1431 01:27:45,662 --> 01:27:49,279 It's something that money couldn't buy. 1432 01:27:49,302 --> 01:27:52,158 It's either within you or it's not, 1433 01:27:52,182 --> 01:27:54,783 and it's something that she had in spades. 1434 01:27:56,302 --> 01:27:59,679 I think it was instilled in her by her parents, 1435 01:27:59,703 --> 01:28:02,422 and it's something that she continued. 1436 01:28:05,342 --> 01:28:07,462 I don't think that she ever... 1437 01:28:08,823 --> 01:28:10,222 ..stopped learning. 1438 01:28:11,863 --> 01:28:14,823 Huge experience after that length of time. 1439 01:28:19,863 --> 01:28:22,918 She had this... this... 1440 01:28:22,943 --> 01:28:26,078 ..innate ability to be able to come up with the right four words 1441 01:28:26,103 --> 01:28:28,622 and to be able to be in the right place at the right time. 1442 01:28:30,222 --> 01:28:34,319 The expression "mother" takes in so many aspects of your life 1443 01:28:34,342 --> 01:28:36,063 and your experience. 1444 01:28:37,983 --> 01:28:41,519 Which part of that is most important I'm not quite sure - 1445 01:28:41,542 --> 01:28:43,359 but the very fact that she was your mother 1446 01:28:43,382 --> 01:28:45,342 and she was there all the time... 1447 01:28:47,262 --> 01:28:48,582 ..you miss that. 1448 01:28:50,542 --> 01:28:52,719 She was always there, 1449 01:28:52,743 --> 01:28:55,662 representing this country... 1450 01:28:57,622 --> 01:29:01,542 ..and indeed many other countries in the Commonwealth or the realms. 1451 01:29:02,622 --> 01:29:05,679 You know, I'd go and talk to her about this, that or the other, 1452 01:29:05,703 --> 01:29:13,399 and that's always been something, I think, that's... 1453 01:29:13,422 --> 01:29:17,662 Well, it'd be very difficult not to have, if you know what I mean. 1454 01:29:23,182 --> 01:29:26,519 All that she could do, she has now done. 1455 01:29:26,542 --> 01:29:30,719 A constant presence in all of our lives has gone 1456 01:29:30,743 --> 01:29:35,342 and Britain becomes a different place without her. 1457 01:29:53,703 --> 01:29:58,958 I would like to read you a few lines from Pilgrim's Progress 1458 01:29:58,983 --> 01:30:03,078 because I'm sure we can say with Mr Valiant-For-Truth, 1459 01:30:03,103 --> 01:30:05,519 these words. 1460 01:30:05,542 --> 01:30:09,519 "Though with great difficulty I am got hither," 1461 01:30:09,542 --> 01:30:14,599 "yet now I do not repent me of all the trouble I have been at" 1462 01:30:14,622 --> 01:30:17,759 "to arrive where I am." 1463 01:30:17,783 --> 01:30:20,759 "My sword I give to him that shall succeed me" 1464 01:30:20,783 --> 01:30:22,639 "in my pilgrimage," 1465 01:30:22,662 --> 01:30:25,783 "and my courage and skill to him that can get it." 1466 01:30:27,382 --> 01:30:30,399 "My marks and scars I carry with me," 1467 01:30:30,422 --> 01:30:32,639 "to be a witness for me" 1468 01:30:32,662 --> 01:30:35,038 "that I have fought His battles,"